Impacts of recreational cannabis legalization on cannabis use: a longitudinal discordant twin study.
Impacts of recreational cannabis legalization on cannabis use: a longitudinal discordant twin study.
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DOI：
10.1111/add.16016
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发表时间：
2023-01
期刊：
影响因子：
6
通讯作者：
Vrieze, Scott
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zellers, Stephanie M.;Ross, J. Megan;Saunders, Gretchen R. B.;Ellingson, Jarrod M.;Anderson, Jacob E.;Corley, Robin P.;Iacono, William;Hewitt, John K.;Hopfer, Christian J.;McGue, Matt K.;Vrieze, Scott
关键词：
估计娱乐合法化对大麻使用频率和法律的环境差异来源的影响。从出生记录中招募并前瞻性评估的双胞胎纵向不一致双胞胎和基因-环境相互作用模型。美国，包括在2014年之前和之后有不同娱乐大麻政策的州，当时娱乐大麻首次合法化。两个纵向的，前瞻性评估的样本，美国双胞胎年龄在24-47岁（n = 1425在法律的国家，n = 1996在非法国家），包括111个单卵对居住不一致。当前大麻使用频率（连续和有序测量）是主要结果，预测因素是评估时参与者居住州大麻的娱乐状态（法律的/非法）。协变量包括2014年之前的年龄、性别和大麻使用频率。考虑到2014年之前的使用，法律的州的居民比非法州的居民更频繁地使用大麻（B = 0.21，P = 8.08 × 10−5）。比较111对居住地不一致的同卵双胞胎证实了这种效应（B = 0.18，P = 0.014）。没有决定性的证据表明遗传因素对大麻使用频率的影响是特定于法律的环境的[χ2 = 2.9 × 10−9，自由度（d.f.） = 1，P > 0.999]。现有的遗传影响受到法律的环境的调节，因为大麻合法化前后的遗传相关性在合法化的州（r遗传= 0.24）比没有合法化的州（r遗传= 0.78，P差异= 0.016）低。在美国，由于娱乐合法化，大麻使用频率平均增加了约20%，这与日益严格的设计一致。此外，大麻使用频率的遗传性似乎受到合法化的影响。
To estimate the effect of recreational legalization on cannabis use frequency and sources of variance across legal environments. Longitudinal discordant twin and gene–environment interaction models in twins recruited from birth records and assessed prospectively. The United States, including states with different recreational cannabis policies before and after 2014, when recreational cannabis was first legalized. Two longitudinal, prospectively assessed samples of American twins aged 24–47 (n = 1425 in legal states, n = 1996 in illegal states), including 111 monozygotic pairs discordant for residence. Current cannabis use frequency (measured continuously and ordinally) was the primary outcome, and the predictor was recreational status of cannabis (legal/illegal) in the participant’s state of residence at the time of assessment. Covariates include age, sex and cannabis use frequency prior to 2014. Accounting for pre‐2014 use, residents of legal states used cannabis more frequently than residents of illegal states (b = 0.21, P = 8.08 × 10−5). Comparing 111 pairs of monozygotic twins discordant for residence confirmed the effect (b = 0.18, P = 0.014). There was inconclusive evidence for genetic influences on cannabis use frequency that were specific to the legal environment [χ2 = 2.9 × 10−9, degrees of freedom (d.f.) = 1, P > 0.999]. Existing genetic influences were moderated by the legal environment, as the genetic correlation between marijuana use before and after legalization was lower in states that legalized (r genetic = 0.24) compared with states that did not (r genetic = 0.78, P difference = 0.016). In the United States, there appears to be a ~ 20% average increase in cannabis use frequency attributable to recreational legalization, consistent across increasingly rigorous designs. In addition, the heritability of cannabis use frequency appears to be moderated by legalization.
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DOI：
10.1177/1745691610383511
发表时间：
2010-09
期刊：
Perspectives on psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science
影响因子：
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作者：
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通讯作者：
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DOI：
10.1375/twin.12.5.489
发表时间：
2009-10
期刊：
Twin research and human genetics : the official journal of the International Society for Twin Studies
影响因子：
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作者：
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