The Environmental Bias of Trade Policy*

The Environmental Bias of Trade Policy*
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贸易政策的环境偏见*

DOI:
10.1093/qje/qjaa042
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发表时间:
2020
期刊:
The Quarterly Journal of Economics
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Shapiro, Joseph S
Shapiro, Joseph S
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Shapiro, Joseph S

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本文描述了一个新的事实,然后分析了其原因和后果:在大多数国家,进口关税和非关税壁垒大大低于肮脏的工业比清洁的工业,其中一个行业的“肮脏”被定义为每美元产出的二氧化碳(CO2)排放量。这种贸易政策的差异造成了对国际贸易商品中二氧化碳排放的全球隐性补贴,并助长了气候变化。全球对二氧化碳排放的隐性补贴每年总计数千亿美元。对相对清洁的下游产业的保护力度加大,是造成这种格局的主要原因。下游模式可以用这样的理论来解释,即产业游说对其投入品实行低关税,但最终消费者组织不善。一个定量一般均衡模型表明,如果各国对清洁和不清洁产品采取类似的贸易政策,全球二氧化碳排放量将减少,全球真实的收入将变化不大。
This article describes a new fact, then analyzes its causes and consequences: in most countries, import tariffs and nontariff barriers are substantially lower on dirty than on clean industries, where an industry’s “dirtiness” is defined as its carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions per dollar of output. This difference in trade policy creates a global implicit subsidy to CO2emissions in internationally traded goods and contributes to climate change. This global implicit subsidy to CO2emissions totals several hundred billion dollars annually. The greater protection of downstream industries, which are relatively clean, substantially accounts for this pattern. The downstream pattern can be explained by theories where industries lobby for low tariffs on their inputs but final consumers are poorly organized. A quantitative general equilibrium model suggests that if countries applied similar trade policies to clean and dirty goods, global CO2emissions would decrease and global real income would change little.
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