Cannabis and psychosis/schizophrenia: human studies.
Cannabis and psychosis/schizophrenia: human studies.
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DOI：
10.1007/s00406-009-0024-2
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发表时间：
2009-10
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Ranganathan M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
D'Souza DC;Sewell RA;Ranganathan M
大麻使用和精神病之间的联系早已被认识到。大麻素受体功能知识的最新进展重新引起了人们对这种联系的兴趣。越来越多的证据表明，大麻素可以在一些健康个体中产生一系列短暂的精神分裂症样阳性，阴性和认知症状。同样清楚的是，在患有精神障碍的个体中，大麻素会加剧症状，引发复发，并对疾病的进程产生负面影响。大麻素产生短暂精神病症状的机制，虽然不清楚，但可能涉及多巴胺，GABA和谷氨酸神经传递。然而，在接触大麻素的普通人群中，只有很小一部分人会患上精神病。大麻暴露很可能是一个“组成原因”，与其他因素相互作用，“导致”精神分裂症或精神障碍，但既不必要也不足以单独这样做。然而，在缺乏已知的精神分裂症病因的情况下，组成原因的作用仍然很重要，值得进一步研究。剂量，暴露持续时间和首次暴露于大麻素的年龄可能是重要因素，与大麻素暴露相互作用以减轻或放大精神障碍风险的遗传因素开始被阐明。暴露于大麻素增加患精神病风险的机制尚不清楚。然而，新的假设，包括大麻素对神经发育过程中的作用有关的精神障碍正在研究中。
The association between cannabis use and psychosis has long been recognized. Recent advances in knowledge about cannabinoid receptor function have renewed interest in this association. Converging lines of evidence suggest that cannabinoids can produce a full range of transient schizophrenia-like positive, negative, and cognitive symptoms in some healthy individuals. Also clear is that in individuals with an established psychotic disorder, cannabinoids can exacerbate symptoms, trigger relapse, and have negative consequences on the course of the illness. The mechanisms by which cannabinoids produce transient psychotic symptoms, while unclear may involve dopamine, GABA, and glutamate neurotransmission. However, only a very small proportion of the general population exposed to cannabinoids develop a psychotic illness. It is likely that cannabis exposure is a “component cause” that interacts with other factors to “cause” schizophrenia or a psychotic disorder, but is neither necessary nor sufficient to do so alone. Nevertheless, in the absence of known causes of schizophrenia, the role of component causes remains important and warrants further study. Dose, duration of exposure, and the age of first exposure to cannabinoids may be important factors, and genetic factors that interact with cannabinoid exposure to moderate or amplify the risk of a psychotic disorder are beginning to be elucidated. The mechanisms by which exposure to cannabinoids increase the risk for developing a psychotic disorder are unknown. However, novel hypotheses including the role of cannabinoids on neurodevelopmental processes relevant to psychotic disorders are being studied.
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0509494102
发表时间：
2005-12-27
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Berghuis, P;Dobszay, MB;Harkany, T
通讯作者：
Harkany, T
影响因子：
6.7
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影响因子：
3.4
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影响因子：
6.7
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Addington, J;Duchak, V
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Duchak, V
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
Auclair, N;Otani, S;Crepel, F
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