An evolutionarily conserved protein CHORD regulates scaling of dendritic arbors with body size.

An evolutionarily conserved protein CHORD regulates scaling of dendritic arbors with body size.
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DOI:
10.1038/srep04415
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发表时间:
2014-03-19
期刊:
影响因子:
4.6
通讯作者:
Uemura T
Uemura T
中科院分区:
综合性期刊3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Shimono K;Fujishima K;Nomura T;Ohashi M;Usui T;Kengaku M;Toyoda A;Uemura T

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大多数器官通过调节单个细胞的大小和/或细胞的数量与身体的大小成比例。在这里,我们研究了有丝分裂后和形态复杂的细胞,如神经元,是如何通过使用一个果蝇感觉神经元的树突乔木作为测定系统来衡量身体大小的。在营养条件有限的小型成虫中,野生型神经元保留了乔木分支的复杂性,但缩小了整个乔木,形成了一个“微型”。相比之下,胰岛素/IGF信号通路(IIS)或TORC1通路的突变神经元表现为“矮生长”,其特征是分支复杂性和乔木大小都降低,尽管饮食正常。这些不同的表型暗示了一种新的调控机制有助于野生型神经元的树突缩放。事实上,我们在基因CHORD/morgana中分离出一个突变,该突变解除了神经元大小和身体大小的耦合:CHORD突变的神经元产生了微型树突乔木,而不考虑身体大小。CHORD编码HSP90的一个进化保守的共同伴侣。我们的结果支持树突生长和分支是由部分独立的机制控制的概念。IIS/TORC1通路控制生长和分支以避免发育不良,而CHORD与TORC2一起实现整个乔木的比例缩放。
Most organs scale proportionally with body size through regulation of individual cell size and/or cell number. Here we addressed how postmitotic and morphologically complex cells such as neurons scale with the body size by using the dendritic arbor of one Drosophila sensory neuron as an assay system. In small adults eclosed under a limited-nutrition condition, the wild-type neuron preserved the branching complexity of the arbor, but scaled down the entire arbor, making a “miniature”. In contrast, mutant neurons for the Insulin/IGF signaling (IIS) or TORC1 pathway exhibited “undergrowth”, which was characterized by decreases in both the branching complexity and the arbor size, despite a normal diet. These contrasting phenotypes hinted that a novel regulatory mechanism contributes to the dendritic scaling in wild-type neurons. Indeed, we isolated a mutation in the gene CHORD/morgana that uncoupled the neuron size and the body size: CHORD mutant neurons generated miniature dendritic arbors regardless of the body size. CHORD encodes an evolutionarily conserved co-chaperone of HSP90. Our results support the notion that dendritic growth and branching are controlled by partly separate mechanisms. The IIS/TORC1 pathways control both growth and branching to avert underdevelopment, whereas CHORD together with TORC2 realizes proportional scaling of the entire arbor.
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