Evidence for Menopause as a Sex-Specific Risk Factor for Glaucoma.

Evidence for Menopause as a Sex-Specific Risk Factor for Glaucoma.
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DOI:
10.1007/s10571-021-01179-z
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发表时间:
2023-01
影响因子:
4
通讯作者:
--
中科院分区:
医学3区
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--
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青光眼是世界范围内不可逆失明的主要原因,其特征在于视觉功能和视网膜神经节细胞(RGC)的进行性丧失。目前流行病学、临床和基础科学证据表明,雌激素在视神经老化中起作用。更年期是影响所有妇女的一个主要生物生命事件,与循环性激素(如雌激素)的减少相吻合。虽然59%的青光眼患者是女性,但性别并不被认为是青光眼的危险因素。在这篇综述中,我们探讨绝经是否是青光眼的性别特异性危险因素。首先,我们调查绝经是如何被定义为其他疾病的性别特异性风险因素,包括心血管疾病,骨关节炎和骨骼健康。接下来,我们讨论突出绝经在青光眼中的潜在作用的临床证据。我们还强调了临床前研究,这些研究证明了手术绝经后更大的视力和RGC损失,以及雌激素如何在RGC损伤模型中起保护作用。最后,我们探讨了手术绝经和雌激素信号是如何与青光眼相关的风险因素相关的(例如,眼内压、房水流出阻力和眼生物力学)。我们假设绝经可能会导致青光眼的发生,因此是这种疾病的性别特异性风险因素。
Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide and is characterized by progressive loss of visual function and retinal ganglion cells (RGC). Current epidemiological, clinical, and basic science evidence suggest that estrogen plays a role in the aging of the optic nerve. Menopause, a major biological life event affecting all women, coincides with a decrease in circulating sex hormones, such as estrogen. While 59% of the glaucomatous population are females, sex is not considered a risk factor for developing glaucoma. In this review, we explore whether menopause is a sex-specific risk factor for glaucoma. First, we investigate how menopause is defined as a sex-specific risk factor for other pathologies, including cardiovascular disease, osteoarthritis, and bone health. Next, we discuss clinical evidence that highlights the potential role of menopause in glaucoma. We also highlight preclinical studies that demonstrate larger vision and RGC loss following surgical menopause and how estrogen is protective in models of RGC injury. Lastly, we explore how surgical menopause and estrogen signaling are related to risk factors associated with developing glaucoma (e.g., intraocular pressure, aqueous outflow resistance, and ocular biomechanics). We hypothesize that menopause potentially sets the stage to develop glaucoma and therefore is a sex-specific risk factor for this disease.
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