Unequally distributed psychological assets: are there social disparities in optimism, life satisfaction, and positive affect?
Unequally distributed psychological assets: are there social disparities in optimism, life satisfaction, and positive affect?
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0118066
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Kubzansky LD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Boehm JK;Chen Y;Williams DR;Ryff C;Kubzansky LD
社会经济地位与健康差异相关，但潜在的心理社会机制尚未完全确定。性格乐观可能是一种将社会经济地位与健康联系起来的社会心理过程。我们假设较低的乐观情绪与更大的社会劣势和较差的社会流动性相关。我们还调查了生活满意度和积极情绪是否表现出类似的模式。来自美国中年的参与者研究了自我报告的乐观情绪、满意度、积极情绪和社会经济地位（性别、种族/民族、教育、职业阶层和声望、收入）。乐观情绪的社会差异是显而易见的。乐观的人往往是白人，受过高等教育，有受过教育的父母，属于更高的职业阶层，更有威望，收入也更高。满意度的调查结果大致相似，但积极影响却不同。更大的乐观和满意度也与代代相传的教育成就有关。乐观和生活满意度始终与社会经济优势相关，并且可能是社会差异影响健康的一种渠道。
Socioeconomic status is associated with health disparities, but underlying psychosocial mechanisms have not been fully identified. Dispositional optimism may be a psychosocial process linking socioeconomic status with health. We hypothesized that lower optimism would be associated with greater social disadvantage and poorer social mobility. We also investigated whether life satisfaction and positive affect showed similar patterns. Participants from the Midlife in the United States study self-reported their optimism, satisfaction, positive affect, and socioeconomic status (gender, race/ethnicity, education, occupational class and prestige, income). Social disparities in optimism were evident. Optimistic individuals tended to be white and highly educated, had an educated parent, belonged to higher occupational classes with more prestige, and had higher incomes. Findings were generally similar for satisfaction, but not positive affect. Greater optimism and satisfaction were also associated with educational achievement across generations. Optimism and life satisfaction are consistently linked with socioeconomic advantage and may be one conduit by which social disparities influence health.
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