Diel niche variation in mammals associated with expanded trait space.

Diel niche variation in mammals associated with expanded trait space.
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DOI:
10.1038/s41467-021-22023-4
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发表时间:
2021-03-19
影响因子:
16.6
通讯作者:
Gaston KJ
Gaston KJ
中科院分区:
综合性期刊1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Cox DTC;Gardner AS;Gaston KJ

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哺乳动物的生活表现出巨大的多样性,但大多数群体仍然在夜间活动。一个关键的未解决的问题是,是否哺乳动物物种,已多样化到不同的昼夜生态位占据功能性状空间的独特区域。对于5,104种现存的哺乳动物,我们在这里表明,白天活动的物种(cathemeral或昼夜)沿着沿着不同的梯度从夜间和黄昏物种进化出性状组合。五个主要功能性状(体重,产仔数,饮食,觅食层,栖息地宽度)的超体积显示,30%的昼夜特征空间是独特的,相比之下,55%的夜间特征空间。几乎一半的性状空间(44%)的物种显然是专性昼夜生态位共享那些可以切换,这表明,更多的物种比目前实现可能是有点灵活的活动模式。保护措施越来越多地侧重于保护功能独特的物种;对哺乳动物来说,保护功能独特性需要关注昼夜生态位。大多数哺乳动物都是夜行性的,但一项新的分析表明,尽管大多数物种在白天或夜晚的特定时间活动,占据不同的生态位,但令人惊讶的是,很大一部分物种在活动时间上比以前认为的更灵活。
Mammalian life shows huge diversity, but most groups remain nocturnal in their activity pattern. A key unresolved question is whether mammal species that have diversified into different diel niches occupy unique regions of functional trait space. For 5,104 extant mammals we show here that daytime-active species (cathemeral or diurnal) evolved trait combinations along different gradients from those of nocturnal and crepuscular species. Hypervolumes of five major functional traits (body mass, litter size, diet, foraging strata, habitat breadth) reveal that 30% of diurnal trait space is unique, compared to 55% of nocturnal trait space. Almost half of trait space (44%) of species with apparently obligate diel niches is shared with those that can switch, suggesting that more species than currently realised may be somewhat flexible in their activity patterns. Increasingly, conservation measures have focused on protecting functionally unique species; for mammals, protecting functional distinctiveness requires a focus across diel niches. Most mammals are nocturnal, but a new analysis suggests that although most groups of species active at a particular time of day or night occupy different ecological niches, a surprisingly large proportion of species are more flexible in the timing of their activity than previously thought.
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