Infectious Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Exhaled Aerosols and Efficacy of Masks During Early Mild Infection.
Infectious Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Exhaled Aerosols and Efficacy of Masks During Early Mild Infection.
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DOI：
10.1093/cid/ciab797
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发表时间：
2022-08-24
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Milton DK
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Adenaiye OO;Lai J;Bueno de Mesquita PJ;Hong F;Youssefi S;German J;Tai SHS;Albert B;Schanz M;Weston S;Hang J;Fung C;Chung HK;Coleman KK;Sapoval N;Treangen T;Berry IM;Mullins K;Frieman M;Ma T;Milton DK
严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2 （SARS-CoV-2）流行病学与空气传播有关；气溶胶传染性和口罩及其变体对气溶胶脱落的影响尚不清楚。我们招募了2019年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）病例，在对着gesundhet - ii发声时，最多两次访问，每次间隔2天，提供血液、唾液、中鼻甲骨和粪便（电话）拭子，以及30分钟的呼吸样本。我们对病毒RNA进行了定量和测序，培养了病毒，并检测了血清样本中的抗刺突和抗受体结合域抗体。我们招募了49例血清阴性病例（平均发病后3.8±2.1天），时间为2020年5月至2021年4月。我们在36%的细颗粒物（≤5µm）、26%的粗颗粒物（≤5µm）和52%的污染物样本以及来自4个α变异病例的所有样本中检测到SARS-CoV-2 RNA。口罩在细颗粒物中减少了48%（95%置信区间[CI]， 3 - 72%）的病毒RNA，在粗颗粒物中减少了77% (95% CI, 51 - 89%)；布口罩和外科口罩没有显著差异。与早期病毒相比，α变异与细气溶胶病毒RNA增加43倍（95% CI， 6.6- 280倍）相关，调整唾液、拭子和其他潜在混杂因素中的病毒RNA后，α变异与细气溶胶病毒RNA增加18倍（95% CI， 3.4- 92倍）相关。在参与者戴口罩时收集的两份精细气溶胶样本呈培养阳性。SARS-CoV-2正朝着更有效地产生气溶胶的方向发展，宽松的口罩提供了重要的源头控制，但只能起到适度的作用。因此，在疫苗接种率非常高之前，继续进行分层控制并使用贴身口罩和呼吸器是必要的。呼出的SARS-CoV-2气溶胶具有传染性，进化倾向于更有效地产生气溶胶。宽松的口罩可以适度减少病毒气溶胶的释放，这表明需要通风、过滤、紫外线空气卫生和贴身口罩来保护面向公众的工作场所和室内空间的弱势群体。
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) epidemiology implicates airborne transmission; aerosol infectiousness and impacts of masks and variants on aerosol shedding are not well understood. We recruited coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases to give blood, saliva, mid-turbinate and fomite (phone) swabs, and 30-minute breath samples while vocalizing into a Gesundheit-II, with and without masks at up to 2 visits 2 days apart. We quantified and sequenced viral RNA, cultured virus, and assayed serum samples for anti-spike and anti-receptor binding domain antibodies. We enrolled 49 seronegative cases (mean days post onset 3.8 ± 2.1), May 2020 through April 2021. We detected SARS-CoV-2 RNA in 36% of fine (≤5 µm), 26% of coarse (>5 µm) aerosols, and 52% of fomite samples overall and in all samples from 4 alpha variant cases. Masks reduced viral RNA by 48% (95% confidence interval [CI], 3 to 72%) in fine and by 77% (95% CI, 51 to 89%) in coarse aerosols; cloth and surgical masks were not significantly different. The alpha variant was associated with a 43-fold (95% CI, 6.6- to 280-fold) increase in fine aerosol viral RNA, compared with earlier viruses, that remained a significant 18-fold (95% CI, 3.4- to 92-fold) increase adjusting for viral RNA in saliva, swabs, and other potential confounders. Two fine aerosol samples, collected while participants wore masks, were culture-positive. SARS-CoV-2 is evolving toward more efficient aerosol generation and loose-fitting masks provide significant but only modest source control. Therefore, until vaccination rates are very high, continued layered controls and tight-fitting masks and respirators will be necessary. Exhaled SARS-CoV-2 aerosols are infectious and evolution is favoring more efficient aerosol generation. Loose-fitting masks moderately reduce viral aerosol release indicating that ventilation, filtration, UV air sanitation, and tight-fitting masks are needed to protect vulnerable people in public-facing jobs and indoor spaces.
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影响因子：
6.7
作者：
Milton, Donald K.;Fabian, M. Patricia;McDevitt, James J.
通讯作者：
McDevitt, James J.
影响因子：
8.4
作者：
Lednickya, John A.;Lauzardo, Michael;Wu, Chang-Yu
通讯作者：
Wu, Chang-Yu
十个科学原因支持SARS-COV-2的机载传播。
DOI：
10.1016/s0140-6736(21)00869-2
发表时间：
2021-05-01
期刊：
Lancet (London, England)
影响因子：
--
作者：
Greenhalgh T;Jimenez JL;Prather KA;Tufekci Z;Fisman D;Schooley R
通讯作者：
Schooley R
影响因子：
82.9
作者：
He, Xi;Lau, Eric H. Y.;Leung, Gabriel M.
通讯作者：
Leung, Gabriel M.
DOI：
10.1080/02786826.2012.762973
发表时间：
2013-01-01
期刊：
Aerosol science and technology : the journal of the American Association for Aerosol Research
影响因子：
--
作者：
McDevitt JJ;Koutrakis P;Ferguson ST;Wolfson JM;Fabian MP;Martins M;Pantelic J;Milton DK
通讯作者：
Milton DK