Socioeconomic status and well-being during COVID-19: A resource-based examination.
Socioeconomic status and well-being during COVID-19: A resource-based examination.
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DOI：
10.1037/apl0000831
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发表时间：
2020-12
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Pollard MS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wanberg CR;Csillag B;Douglass RP;Zhou L;Pollard MS
作者评估了心理健康的水平和人内变化（即，抑郁症状和生活满意度）从COVID-19大流行之前到期间，社会经济地位（SES）。这些数据来自兰德公司的全国代表性美国生活小组对1，143名成年人的两项调查，第一项调查于2019年4月至6月期间进行，第二项调查于2020年4月美国大流行的最初高峰期间进行。大流行期间的抑郁症状高于大流行前的人群标准。从COVID-19之前到COVID-19期间，抑郁症状增加，生活满意度下降。与受教育程度较低的人相比，受教育程度较高的人从COVID-19之前到COVID-19期间的抑郁症状增加幅度更大，生活满意度下降幅度更大。补充分析表明，收入与幸福感的变化呈曲线关系，因此，收入最高的个人从COVID-19之前到COVID-19期间的生活满意度下降幅度大于收入较低的个人。我们利用资源守恒理论和基本社会原因理论，研究了COVID-19期间SES与幸福感之间关系的四个关键机制（感知财务资源、感知控制、人际资源和COVID-19相关知识/新闻消费）。这些资源解释了样本整体幸福感的变化，但没有深入了解为什么受过高等教育的个人从COVID-19之前到COVID-19期间的幸福感下降幅度更大。
The authors assess levels and within-person changes in psychological well-being (i.e., depressive symptoms and life satisfaction) from before to during the COVID-19 pandemic for individuals in the U.S., in general and by socioeconomic status (SES). The data is from two surveys of 1,143 adults from RAND Corporation’s nationally representative American Life Panel, the first administered between April-June, 2019 and the second during the initial peak of the pandemic in the United States in April, 2020. Depressive symptoms during the pandemic were higher than population norms before the pandemic. Depressive symptoms increased from before to during COVID-19 and life satisfaction decreased. Individuals with higher education experienced a greater increase in depressive symptoms and a greater decrease in life satisfaction from before to during COVID-19 in comparison to those with lower education. Supplemental analysis illustrates that income had a curvilinear relationship with changes in well-being, such that individuals at the highest levels of income experienced a greater decrease in life satisfaction from before to during COVID-19 than individuals with lower levels of income. We draw on conservation of resources theory and the theory of fundamental social causes to examine four key mechanisms (perceived financial resources, perceived control, interpersonal resources, and COVID-19 related knowledge/news consumption) underlying the relationship between SES and well-being during COVID-19. These resources explained changes in well-being for the sample as a whole but did not provide insight into why individuals of higher education experienced a greater decline in well-being from before to during COVID-19.
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