Dynamic composition, shaping and organization of plastid nucleoids.
Dynamic composition, shaping and organization of plastid nucleoids.
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DOI：
10.3389/fpls.2014.00424
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发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Krupinska K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Powikrowska M;Oetke S;Jensen PE;Krupinska K
本文从结构的角度综述了近年来质体类核动态组成和结构的研究进展。质体类核是不同形式的ptDNA、RNA、用于复制和基因表达的酶以及DNA结合蛋白的多个拷贝的紧凑结构。虽然早期的电子显微镜表明质体DNA几乎不含蛋白质，但现在已经确定，类核中的DNA与核染色质中的DNA类似，与碱性蛋白质相关，碱性蛋白质在DNA结构的组织和调节与转录、复制和重组有关的DNA相关酶活性中起关键作用。这组DNA结合蛋白被命名为质体类核相关蛋白（ptNAP）。质体类核在不同类型质体中的数量、基因组拷贝数和动态分布是独特的。叶绿体发育过程中质体类核的形成和重组以及对环境条件的响应的机制涉及ptNAP的翻译后修饰，类似于真核染色质中组蛋白的已知变化，以及ptNAP库的变化，如细菌类核所知。质体类核的膜的附件提出是重要的，不仅为复制和转录的DNA可用性的调节，而且为光合作用和质体基因表达的协调。
In this article recent progress on the elucidation of the dynamic composition and structure of plastid nucleoids is reviewed from a structural perspective. Plastid nucleoids are compact structures of multiple copies of different forms of ptDNA, RNA, enzymes for replication and gene expression as well as DNA binding proteins. Although early electron microscopy suggested that plastid DNA is almost free of proteins, it is now well established that the DNA in nucleoids similarly as in the nuclear chromatin is associated with basic proteins playing key roles in organization of the DNA architecture and in regulation of DNA associated enzymatic activities involved in transcription, replication, and recombination. This group of DNA binding proteins has been named plastid nucleoid associated proteins (ptNAPs). Plastid nucleoids are unique with respect to their variable number, genome copy content and dynamic distribution within different types of plastids. The mechanisms underlying the shaping and reorganization of plastid nucleoids during chloroplast development and in response to environmental conditions involve posttranslational modifications of ptNAPs, similarly to those changes known for histones in the eukaryotic chromatin, as well as changes in the repertoire of ptNAPs, as known for nucleoids of bacteria. Attachment of plastid nucleoids to membranes is proposed to be important not only for regulation of DNA availability for replication and transcription, but also for the coordination of photosynthesis and plastid gene expression.
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影响因子：
14.9
作者：
Cappadocia L;Parent JS;Zampini E;Lepage E;Sygusch J;Brisson N
通讯作者：
Brisson N
影响因子：
11.6
作者：
Bendich, AJ
通讯作者：
Bendich, AJ
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.86.11.4156
发表时间：
1989-06-01
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
DENG, XW;WING, RA;GRUISSEM, W
通讯作者：
GRUISSEM, W
影响因子：
3.5
作者：
Chung, Pil Joong;Kim, Youn Shic;Kim, Ju-Kon
通讯作者：
Kim, Ju-Kon
影响因子：
5.1
作者：
Chi-Ham, CL;Keaton, MA;Heinhorst, S
通讯作者：
Heinhorst, S