The Hidden Snake in the Grass: Superior Detection of Snakes in Challenging Attentional Conditions.
The Hidden Snake in the Grass: Superior Detection of Snakes in Challenging Attentional Conditions.
复制标题
草丛中的隐藏蛇：在具有挑战性的注意条件下对蛇的出色检测。
DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0114724
复制
发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Ohman A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Soares SC;Lindström B;Esteves F;Ohman A
在整个进化过程中，蛇对灵长类动物构成了严重威胁。此外，在世界热带地区，毒蛇咬伤仍然导致很高的发病率和死亡率。根据蛇类探测理论（SDT，伊斯贝尔，2006年；2009年），探测伪装蛇类的迫切需求给可能成为蛇类攻击目标的动物带来了强大的进化压力，促使它们发展出敏锐的感知能力。我们进行了一系列行为测试，评估在可能对生存至关重要的条件下对蛇的探测能力。我们将蜘蛛作为对照刺激物，因为它们也是常见的恐惧对象，并且通常被大众负面评价，因此常与蛇一起被归为“与进化相关的恐惧对象”。通过四个实验（N = 205），我们证明了在探测蛇方面具有优势，这种优势在已知会阻碍对多种常见刺激物探测的视觉条件下尤为明显，例如短暂的刺激暴露、在视觉边缘呈现刺激以及在杂乱环境中伪装的刺激。我们的研究结果表明，蛇类探测明显不受阻碍其他刺激物探测的生态因素影响，这表明，与蛇类探测理论一致，它们反映了一种特定的生物适应性。然而，我们所报告的实证测试仅限于这一丰富理论的一个方面，该理论整合了众多科学学科的研究结果。
Snakes have provided a serious threat to primates throughout evolution. Furthermore, bites by venomous snakes still cause significant morbidity and mortality in tropical regions of the world. According to the Snake Detection Theory (SDT Isbell, 2006; 2009), the vital need to detect camouflaged snakes provided strong evolutionary pressure to develop astute perceptual capacity in animals that were potential targets for snake attacks. We performed a series of behavioral tests that assessed snake detection under conditions that may have been critical for survival. We used spiders as the control stimulus because they are also a common object of phobias and rated negatively by the general population, thus commonly lumped together with snakes as “evolutionary fear-relevant”. Across four experiments (N = 205) we demonstrate an advantage in snake detection, which was particularly obvious under visual conditions known to impede detection of a wide array of common stimuli, for example brief stimulus exposures, stimuli presentation in the visual periphery, and stimuli camouflaged in a cluttered environment. Our results demonstrate a striking independence of snake detection from ecological factors that impede the detection of other stimuli, which suggests that, consistent with the SDT, they reflect a specific biological adaptation. Nonetheless, the empirical tests we report are limited to only one aspect of this rich theory, which integrates findings across a wide array of scientific disciplines.
登录
查看更多内容
DOI：
10.3758/bf03208380
发表时间：
1995-11-01
期刊：
PERCEPTION & PSYCHOPHYSICS
影响因子：
--
作者：
CARRASCO, M;EVERT, DL;KATZ, SM
通讯作者：
KATZ, SM
影响因子：
15.8
作者：
Kasturiratne A;Wickremasinghe AR;de Silva N;Gunawardena NK;Pathmeswaran A;Premaratna R;Savioli L;Lalloo DG;de Silva HJ
通讯作者：
de Silva HJ
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1115116108
发表时间：
2011-12-27
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Headland, Thomas N.;Greene, Harry W.
通讯作者：
Greene, Harry W.
影响因子：
2.9
作者：
Erthal, FS;de Oliveira, L;Pessoa, L
通讯作者：
Pessoa, L
影响因子：
1.3
作者：
Coss, RG;Ramakrishnan, U
通讯作者：
Ramakrishnan, U