Sex differences in the adolescent brain.
Sex differences in the adolescent brain.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.bandc.2009.10.008
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发表时间：
2010-02
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Giedd, Jay N.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lenroot, Rhoshel K.;Giedd, Jay N.
青春期是男性和女性在身体特征、行为和精神病理学风险方面差异增加的时期。在这里，我们将审查有关性别差异的数据在这一时期的大脑结构和功能的生命。在脑形态测量中，最一致的性别差异是男性的大脑体积比男性大9-12%。据报道，男性和女性的不同大脑区域包括基底神经节、海马体和杏仁核。扩散张量成像和磁化传递成像研究也显示了青春期白色物质发育的性别差异。功能成像研究显示，不同的激活模式在性能上没有差异，这表明男性和女性的大脑可能使用略微不同的策略来实现相似的认知能力。纵向研究表明，大脑发育的轨迹存在性别差异，女性比男性更早达到脑容量的峰值。尽管这些性别差异令人信服，但它们只是群体平均数，不应被视为男性或女性相对能力的指标。
Adolescence is a time of increased divergence between males and females in physical characteristics, behavior, and risk for psychopathology. Here we will review data regarding sex differences in brain structure and function during this period of the lifespan. The most consistent sex difference in brain morphometry is the 9-12% larger brain size that has been reported in males. Individual brain regions that have most consistently been reported as different in males and females include the basal ganglia, hippocampus, and amygdala. Diffusion tensor imaging and magnetization transfer imaging studies have also shown sex differences in white matter development during adolescence. Functional imaging studies have shown different patterns of activation without differences in performance, suggesting male and female brains may use slightly different strategies for achieving similar cognitive abilities. Longitudinal studies have shown sex differences in the trajectory of brain development, with females reaching peak values of brain volumes earlier than males. Although compelling, these sex differences are present as group averages and should not be taken as indicative of relative capacities of males or females.
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