Isolation, culture and characterization of Arsenophonus symbionts from two insect species reveal loss of infectious transmission and extended host range.
Isolation, culture and characterization of Arsenophonus symbionts from two insect species reveal loss of infectious transmission and extended host range.
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DOI：
10.3389/fmicb.2023.1089143
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发表时间：
2023
影响因子：
5.2
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中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
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垂直传播的“可遗传”微生物共生体是无脊椎动物生物学和生态学的重要组成部分。这些共生关系最初是从在环境中发生感染/获取过程（水平传播）的共生关系进化而来的。然而，从水平传播向垂直传播转变后的进化模式通常因传播方式不同的微生物之间的远缘关系而模糊不清。相比之下，阿森诺菲纳斯属（Arsenophonus）为清晰地研究这些过程提供了机会，因为它包括专性垂直传播共生体、兼性垂直传播共生体、具有混合传播模式的菌株以及纯水平传播的菌株。重要的是，其中一些菌株是可培养的，并且适合进行基因分析。我们首先报道了从外寄生蜂葡萄瘿蜂（Pachycrepoideus vindemmiae）中分离出阿森诺菲纳斯·纳索尼亚（Arsenophonus nasoniae）菌株aPv并对其进行培养，同时对这种共生关系进行了表征。我们证明了母系垂直传播，并且没有发现父系遗传、水平传播或生殖寄生表型的证据。这使我们得出结论，与相关菌株相比，该菌株是一种可能有益的兼性可遗传共生体。然后我们报道了从蓝蝴蝶（Polyommatus bellargus）中偶然发现并进一步培养出一株阿森诺菲纳斯菌株（菌株aPb）。这种关联首次将携带阿森诺菲纳斯·纳索尼亚/阿森诺菲纳斯·阿皮科拉（Arsenophonus nasoniae/Arsenophonus apicola）共生体的宿主物种范围扩展到了膜翅目之外。我们使用Biolog板对分离出的菌株进行了基本的代谢分析。该分析表明所有菌株利用的碳源范围都有限，但这些限制在仅垂直传播的阿森诺菲纳斯·纳索尼亚aPv菌株中尤为明显。最后，我们证明了来自蓝蝴蝶的阿森诺菲纳斯菌株aPb能够感染大蜡螟（Galleria waxworms），为研究阿森诺菲纳斯 - 昆虫相互作用的功能遗传学提供了一个模型系统。这些结果与仅在垂直传播下进化的菌株代谢能力降低的模型一致。这些数据还将感染纳索尼亚/阿皮科拉分支菌株的宿主物种范围扩展到了膜翅目之外，并表明了大蜡螟模型在研究共生机制方面的潜在用途。
Vertically transmitted “Heritable” microbial symbionts represent an important component of the biology and ecology of invertebrates. These symbioses evolved originally from ones where infection/acquisition processes occurred within the environment (horizontal transmission). However, the pattern of evolution that follows transition from horizontal to vertical transmission is commonly obscured by the distant relationship between microbes with differing transmission modes. In contrast, the genus Arsenophonus provides an opportunity to investigate these processes with clarity, as it includes members that are obligate vertically transmitted symbionts, facultative vertically transmitted symbionts, strains with mixed modes of transmission and ones that are purely horizontally transmitted. Significantly, some of the strains are culturable and amenable to genetic analysis. We first report the isolation of Arsenophonus nasoniae strain aPv into culture from the ectoparasitic wasp Pachycrepoideus vindemmiae and characterize the symbiosis. We demonstrate maternal vertical transmission and find no evidence for paternal inheritance, horizontal transmission or reproductive parasitism phenotypes. This leads us to conclude this strain, in contrast to related strains, is a facultative heritable symbiont which is likely to be beneficial. We then report the serendipitous discovery and onward culture of a strain of Arsenophonus (strain aPb) from the blue butterfly, Polyommatus bellargus. This association extends the range of host species carrying Arsenophonus nasoniae/Arsenophonus apicola symbionts beyond the Hymenoptera for the first time. We perform basic metabolic analysis of the isolated strains using Biolog plates. This analysis indicates all strains utilize a restricted range of carbon sources, but these restrictions are particularly pronounced in the A. nasoniae aPv strain that is solely vertically transmitted. Finally, we demonstrate the Arsenophonus sp. strain aPb from the blue butterfly can infect Galleria waxworms, providing a model system for investigating the functional genetics of Arsenophonus-insect interactions. These results are consistent with a model of reduced metabolic competence in strains evolving under vertical transmission only. The data also broadens the range of host species infected with nasoniae/apicola clade strains beyond the Hymenoptera, and indicate the potential utility of the Galleria model for investigation of symbiosis mechanism.
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影响因子：
9.2
作者：
Charlat, Sylvain;Reuter, Max;Hurst, Gregory D. D.
通讯作者：
Hurst, Gregory D. D.
影响因子：
2.6
作者：
Darby, A. C.;Choi, J. -H.;Colbourne, J. K.
通讯作者：
Colbourne, J. K.
影响因子：
9.8
作者：
Miller AK;Westlake CS;Cross KL;Leigh BA;Bordenstein SR
通讯作者：
Bordenstein SR
影响因子：
10.7
作者：
Hoang DT;Chernomor O;von Haeseler A;Minh BQ;Vinh LS
通讯作者：
Vinh LS
影响因子：
6.4
作者：
Gruber-Vodicka HR;Seah BKB;Pruesse E
通讯作者：
Pruesse E