Prior exposure to uninfected mosquitoes enhances mortality in naturally-transmitted West Nile virus infection.
Prior exposure to uninfected mosquitoes enhances mortality in naturally-transmitted West Nile virus infection.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0001171
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发表时间：
2007-11-14
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Higgs S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Schneider BS;McGee CE;Jordan JM;Stevenson HL;Soong L;Higgs S
西尼罗河病毒(WNV)的全球出现突显了蚊媒病毒的重要性。这些细菌通过媒介唾液接种到脊椎动物的皮肤和循环系统中。节肢动物传播的(ARBO)病毒，如西尼罗河病毒，随着传染性蚊子探测皮肤的血液，将病毒和唾液沉积到皮肤和循环中，从而传播给脊椎动物。越来越多的证据表明，节肢动物，以及最近的蚊子，唾液可以对病原体的传播效率、发病机制和疾病进程产生深远的影响。自然感染的一个被忽视的潜在重要方面是，在自然界中，脊椎动物通常在传播西尼罗河病毒的蚊子之前接触到未受感染的蚊子的喂养。探讨了预先接触蚊子唾液可能调节西尼罗河病毒感染的可能性。在这里，我们报告对蚊子唾液的致敏作用会加剧病毒感染。在感染西尼罗河病毒后，事先将老鼠暴露在蚊子喂养下会导致死亡率增加。这种加重的病程与早期病毒复制增强、白细胞介素10表达增加以及西尼罗河病毒敏感细胞类型进入接种部位的增加有关。通过被动转移蚊子致敏的血清来模拟这一加重的疾病过程。这是第一个关于对节肢动物唾液致敏会加重节肢动物传播的感染的报告，这与之前关于寄生虫和细菌感染的研究相反。这项研究表明，除了宿主对病毒的血清反应性外，考虑到对媒介饲养的免疫反应也很重要。
The global emergence of West Nile virus (WNV) has highlighted the importance of mosquito-borne viruses. These are inoculated in vector saliva into the vertebrate skin and circulatory system. Arthropod-borne (arbo)viruses such as WNV are transmitted to vertebrates as an infectious mosquito probes the skin for blood, depositing the virus and saliva into the skin and circulation. Growing evidence has demonstrated that arthropod, and recently mosquito, saliva can have a profound effect on pathogen transmission efficiency, pathogenesis, and disease course. A potentially important aspect of natural infections that has been ignored is that in nature vertebrates are typically exposed to the feeding of uninfected mosquitoes prior to the mosquito that transmits WNV. The possibility that pre-exposure to mosquito saliva might modulate WNV infection was explored. Here we report that sensitization to mosquito saliva exacerbates viral infection. Prior exposure of mice to mosquito feeding resulted in increased mortality following WNV infection. This aggravated disease course was associated with enhanced early viral replication, increased interleukin-10 expression, and elevated influx of WNV-susceptible cell types to the inoculation site. This exacerbated disease course was mimicked by passive transfer of mosquito-sensitized serum. This is the first report that sensitization to arthropod saliva can exacerbate arthropod-borne infection, contrary to previous studies with parasite and bacteria infections. This research suggests that in addition to the seroreactivity of the host to virus, it is important to take into account the immune response to vector feeding.
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DOI：
10.1084/jem.188.10.1941
发表时间：
1998-11-16
期刊：
The Journal of experimental medicine
影响因子：
--
作者：
Belkaid Y;Kamhawi S;Modi G;Valenzuela J;Noben-Trauth N;Rowton E;Ribeiro J;Sacks DL
通讯作者：
Sacks DL
影响因子：
120.7
作者：
Sejvar, JJ;Haddad, MB;Petersen, LR
通讯作者：
Petersen, LR
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Beasley, DWC;Davis, CT;Barrett, ADT
通讯作者：
Barrett, ADT
DOI：
10.4269/ajtmh.1984.33.17
发表时间：
1984-01-01
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
ROSSIGNOL, PA;RIBEIRO, JMC;SPIELMAN, A
通讯作者：
SPIELMAN, A
影响因子：
3.1
作者：
Donovan, Michael J.;Messmore, Andrew S.;McDowell, Mary Ann
通讯作者：
McDowell, Mary Ann