Pain-relief learning in flies, rats, and man: basic research and applied perspectives.
Pain-relief learning in flies, rats, and man: basic research and applied perspectives.
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DOI：
10.1101/lm.032995.113
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发表时间：
2014-03-18
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Fendt M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gerber B;Yarali A;Diegelmann S;Wotjak CT;Pauli P;Fendt M
与痛苦、消极事件有关的记忆是适应性的，可以储存一生，以支持先发制人的回避、逃避或攻击行为。然而，在不利的环境下，这样的记忆会变得无比强大。它们可能会引发过度消极的心理状态，以及对地点、物体或社会互动的无法控制的回避。因此，显然任何抵消这种影响的进程都是有价值的。在这种情况下，我们从基础研究的角度强调，痛苦的负面事件是“双面的”，因为它们实际上有两个方面值得记住：是什么让它们发生，是什么让它们停止。我们回顾了来自果蝇、老鼠和人类的已发表的研究结果，表明这两个方面分别与负面事件的发生和抵消有关，诱导了截然不同的和相反效价的记忆：在电击前经历的刺激获得负效价，因为它们预示着即将到来的惩罚，而在电击后经历的刺激获得正效价，因为它们与缓解疼痛的停止有关。我们讨论了这种惩罚和缓解学习的记忆是如何组织的，这种组织是如何适应防御行为的威胁-迫近模型的，以及这些考虑为创伤、恐慌和非自杀性自残的背景下的应用心理学提供了什么视角。
Memories relating to a painful, negative event are adaptive and can be stored for a lifetime to support preemptive avoidance, escape, or attack behavior. However, under unfavorable circumstances such memories can become overwhelmingly powerful. They may trigger excessively negative psychological states and uncontrollable avoidance of locations, objects, or social interactions. It is therefore obvious that any process to counteract such effects will be of value. In this context, we stress from a basic-research perspective that painful, negative events are “Janus-faced” in the sense that there are actually two aspects about them that are worth remembering: What made them happen and what made them cease. We review published findings from fruit flies, rats, and man showing that both aspects, respectively related to the onset and the offset of the negative event, induce distinct and oppositely valenced memories: Stimuli experienced before an electric shock acquire negative valence as they signal upcoming punishment, whereas stimuli experienced after an electric shock acquire positive valence because of their association with the relieving cessation of pain. We discuss how memories for such punishment- and relief-learning are organized, how this organization fits into the threat-imminence model of defensive behavior, and what perspectives these considerations offer for applied psychology in the context of trauma, panic, and nonsuicidal self-injury.
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影响因子：
56.9
作者：
BECHARA, A;TRANEL, D;DAMASIO, AR
通讯作者：
DAMASIO, AR
影响因子：
5.3
作者：
Barth, Jonas;Dipt, Shubham;Fiala, Andre
通讯作者：
Fiala, Andre
DOI：
10.2741/2993
发表时间：
2008-05-01
期刊：
FRONTIERS IN BIOSCIENCE
影响因子：
--
作者：
Benjamin, Paul R.;Kemenes, Gyoergy;Kemenes, Ildiko
通讯作者：
Kemenes, Ildiko
影响因子：
4.5
作者：
Aso Y;Herb A;Ogueta M;Siwanowicz I;Templier T;Friedrich AB;Ito K;Scholz H;Tanimoto H
通讯作者：
Tanimoto H
影响因子：
16.2
作者：
Berry JA;Cervantes-Sandoval I;Nicholas EP;Davis RL
通讯作者：
Davis RL