Three dopamine pathways induce aversive odor memories with different stability.
Three dopamine pathways induce aversive odor memories with different stability.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pgen.1002768
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发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Tanimoto H
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Aso Y;Herb A;Ogueta M;Siwanowicz I;Templier T;Friedrich AB;Ito K;Scholz H;Tanimoto H
动物通过强化获得感官刺激的预测值。在黑腹果蝇的大脑中，PAM和PPL 1簇中两种类型的多巴胺神经元的激活已被证明可诱导厌恶性气味记忆。在这里，我们确定了第三种细胞类型，并描述了这些多巴胺神经元诱导的厌恶记忆。这三种多巴胺通路都投射到蘑菇体，但终止于空间分离的子域。为了了解这些多巴胺通路在电击强化中的功能差异，我们在记忆获得过程中阻断了它们中的每一个。我们发现这三条通路都对电击记忆有部分贡献。值得注意的是，由这些神经元介导的记忆在时间稳定性方面有所不同。此外，这些途径中的两个的组合激活揭示了单个记忆成分的显著相互作用，而不是它们的简单相加。这些结果揭示了一种细胞机制，通过这种机制，一个有害的事件会诱导不同的多巴胺信号到一个单一的大脑结构，以合成一种厌恶的记忆。惩罚不仅会使动物产生排斥反应，而且会促使对邻近刺激的厌恶性记忆的形成。在记忆的引导下，动物可以避免预测负面结果的线索。惩罚性事件在大脑中是如何表现的？我们发现果蝇大脑中至少有三种多巴胺神经元有助于记忆的形成。这些神经元的遗传激活与气味呈现暂时配对诱导厌恶气味记忆，提出了一个关于这些神经元的功能区别的问题。在这里，我们描述了由这些多巴胺神经元诱导的厌恶记忆。即时记忆的大小和随后的记忆衰退在三种细胞类型之间有很大差异。有趣的是，两种细胞类型的组合激活揭示了诱导记忆不是两种记忆的简单总和，而是针对不同保留时间的非线性相互作用的结果。综上所述，我们认为惩罚性事件通过调节选择性多巴胺神经元的激活来诱导具有独特时间动态的厌恶性记忆。
Animals acquire predictive values of sensory stimuli through reinforcement. In the brain of Drosophila melanogaster, activation of two types of dopamine neurons in the PAM and PPL1 clusters has been shown to induce aversive odor memory. Here, we identified the third cell type and characterized aversive memories induced by these dopamine neurons. These three dopamine pathways all project to the mushroom body but terminate in the spatially segregated subdomains. To understand the functional difference of these dopamine pathways in electric shock reinforcement, we blocked each one of them during memory acquisition. We found that all three pathways partially contribute to electric shock memory. Notably, the memories mediated by these neurons differed in temporal stability. Furthermore, combinatorial activation of two of these pathways revealed significant interaction of individual memory components rather than their simple summation. These results cast light on a cellular mechanism by which a noxious event induces different dopamine signals to a single brain structure to synthesize an aversive memory. Punishment not only repels animals but also drives the formation of aversive memory of contiguous stimuli. Guided by the memory, animals can later avoid the cues that predict negative outcome. How is a punishing event represented in the brain? We have found that at least three types of dopamine neurons in the Drosophila brain contribute to memory formation. Genetic activation of these neurons temporally paired with an odor presentation induced aversive odor memory, raising a question about the functional distinction of these neurons. Here we characterized aversive memories induced by these dopamine neurons. The magnitude of immediate memory and following memory decay differ greatly among the three cell types. Interestingly, combinatorial activation of two cell types revealed that induced memory is not a simple sum of the two memories, but rather the result of non-linear interaction specific for different retention times. Taken together, we propose that a punishing event induces aversive memory with unique temporal dynamics by tuning the activation of selective dopamine neurons.
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影响因子：
56.9
作者：
Isabel, G;Pascual, A;Preat, T
通讯作者：
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64.5
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