Exploring the gene pool of Brassica napus by genomics-based approaches.
Exploring the gene pool of Brassica napus by genomics-based approaches.
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DOI：
10.1111/pbi.13636
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发表时间：
2021-09
影响因子：
13.8
通讯作者：
Zou J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hu D;Jing J;Snowdon RJ;Mason AS;Shen J;Meng J;Zou J
油菜的新生异源多倍体化为利用祖先种和近缘种重建多倍体基因组提供了一个非常成功的模型，以拓宽作物基因库，了解多倍体、种间杂交和外来基因渗入后的基因组进化。甘蓝型油菜（B. napus， AACC）是世界上栽培的主要油菜籽品种和第三大油籽作物，是一种遗传基础有限的年轻芸苔属植物，其驯化、栽培历史短，在育种过程中对目标经济性状进行了密集选择。然而，近几十年来，通过种内、种间和属间杂交成功引入丰富的亚基因组变异和新的基因组变异，使甘蓝型油菜基因库得到了显著的丰富。这方面的一个重要问题是如何利用这种变异来培育适应不断变化的全球气候的作物。在此，我们回顾了甘蓝型油菜基因库的遗传多样性、基因组结构和群体水平分化，以及与已知的来自芸苔科不同物种的外来基因渗入的关系，特别是最近基因组测序项目所阐明的外来基因渗入。我们还总结了基因克隆、性状标记关联、基因编辑、分子标记辅助选择和全基因组预测方面的进展，并描述了这些技术作为开发新的基因组变异的分子平台所面临的挑战和机遇，以及它们在油菜籽基因库中的价值。未来的进展将通过基因组改良加速遗传多样性的创造和操作，并为利用重构基因组的新遗传多样性对多倍体作物的新驯化提供新的见解。
De novo allopolyploidization in Brassica provides a very successful model for reconstructing polyploid genomes using progenitor species and relatives to broaden crop gene pools and understand genome evolution after polyploidy, interspecific hybridization and exotic introgression. B. napus (AACC), the major cultivated rapeseed species and the third largest oilseed crop in the world, is a young Brassica species with a limited genetic base resulting from its short history of domestication, cultivation, and intensive selection during breeding for target economic traits. However, the gene pool of B. napus has been significantly enriched in recent decades that has been benefit from worldwide effects by the successful introduction of abundant subgenomic variation and novel genomic variation via intraspecific, interspecific and intergeneric crosses. An important question in this respect is how to utilize such variation to breed crops adapted to the changing global climate. Here, we review the genetic diversity, genome structure, and population‐level differentiation of the B. napus gene pool in relation to known exotic introgressions from various species of the Brassicaceae, especially those elucidated by recent genome‐sequencing projects. We also summarize progress in gene cloning, trait‐marker associations, gene editing, molecular marker‐assisted selection and genome‐wide prediction, and describe the challenges and opportunities of these techniques as molecular platforms to exploit novel genomic variation and their value in the rapeseed gene pool. Future progress will accelerate the creation and manipulation of genetic diversity with genomic‐based improvement, as well as provide novel insights into the neo‐domestication of polyploid crops with novel genetic diversity from reconstructed genomes.
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