Cross-national associations between gender and mental disorders in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys.
Cross-national associations between gender and mental disorders in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys.
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DOI：
10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2009.36
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发表时间：
2009-07
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Kessler, Ronald C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Seedat, Soraya;Scott, Kate Margaret;Angermeyer, Matthias C.;Berglund, Patricia;Bromet, Evelyn J.;Brugha, Traolach S.;Demyttenaere, Koen;de Girolamo, Giovanni;Maria Haro, Josep;Jin, Robert;Karam, Elie G.;Kovess-Masfety, Viviane;Levinson, Daphna;Medina Mora, Maria Elena;Ono, Yutaka;Ormel, Johan;Pennell, Beth-Ellen;Posada-Villa, Jose;Sampson, Nancy A.;Williams, David;Kessler, Ronald C.
在流行病学调查中始终发现，精神障碍方面存在性别差异，包括妇女中焦虑情绪障碍较多，男子中外化障碍较多。“性别角色”假设表明，随着男女角色更加平等，这些差异应该缩小。研究时间-空间（即，世界卫生组织世界精神卫生（WMH）调查倡议中15个国家队列中终身DSM-IV精神障碍性别差异的队列国家）差异，并确定这种差异是否与女性性别角色传统（GRT）的时空差异显著相关，如女性教育，就业，婚姻时机和使用节育的总体模式所测量的。对非洲、美洲、亚洲、欧洲、中东和太平洋地区的72，933名社区居住成年人进行了面对面的家庭调查。世界卫生组织综合国际诊断访谈（CIDI）评估了18岁DSM-IV焦虑、情绪、外化和物质障碍的终生患病率和发病年龄。生存分析估计了年龄范围为18-34、35-49、50-64和65+的队列中这些疾病的女性：男性（F：M）比值比（OR）的时空变化。结构方程分析研究了GRT变化对这些OR的预测作用。在所有队列和国家中，女性的焦虑情绪障碍多于男性，男性的外化物质障碍多于女性。虽然各队列的性别差异基本一致，但在最近的重性抑郁症（MDD）和物质障碍队列中发现了显著缩小。这种狭窄与GRT的时间（MDD）和空间（物质障碍）变化显著相关。虽然在大多数终身精神障碍的性别差异是相当稳定的时间-空间单位研究，大量的队列间缩小差异的重大抑郁症被发现与女性性别角色的传统性的变化。需要进一步的研究来理解为什么这种时间狭窄仅限于重度抑郁症。
Gender differences in mental disorders, including more anxiety-mood disorders among women and more externalizing disorders among men, are found consistently in epidemiological surveys. The “gender roles” hypothesis suggests that these differences should narrow as the roles of women and men become more equal. To study time-space (i.e., cohort-country) variation in gender differences in lifetime DSM-IV mental disorders across cohorts in 15 countries in the WHO World Mental Health (WMH) Survey Initiative and determine if this variation is significantly related to time-space variation in female gender role traditionality (GRT) as measured by aggregate patterns of female education, employment, marital timing, and use of birth control. Face-to face household surveys of 72,933 community-dwelling adults in Africa, the Americas, Asia, Europe, the Middle East, and the Pacific. The WHO Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) assessed lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset of 18 DSM-IV anxiety, mood, externalizing, and substance disorders. Survival analyses estimated time-space variation in Female:Male (F:M) odds-ratios (ORs) of these disorders across cohorts defined by age ranges 18–34, 35–49, 50–64, and 65+. Structural equation analysis examined predictive effects of variation in GRT on these ORs. Women had more anxiety-mood disorders than men and men more externalizing-substance disorders than women in all cohorts and countries. Although gender differences were generally consistent across cohorts, significant narrowing was found in recent cohorts for major depressive disorder (MDD) and substance disorders. This narrowing was significantly related to temporal (MDD) and spatial (substance disorders) variation in GRT. While gender differences in most lifetime mental disorders were fairly stable over the time-space units studied, substantial inter-cohort narrowing of differences in major depression was found related to changes in the traditionality of female gender roles. Further research is needed to understand why this temporal narrowing was confined to major depression.
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影响因子：
3.5
作者：
Bloomfield, Kim;Gmel, Gerhard;Mustonen, Heli
通讯作者：
Mustonen, Heli
影响因子：
3.1
作者：
Degenhardt, Louisa;Cheng, Hui;Anthony, James C.
通讯作者：
Anthony, James C.
DOI：
10.1080/10401230701653294
发表时间：
2007-10-01
期刊：
Annals of clinical psychiatry : official journal of the American Academy of Clinical Psychiatrists
影响因子：
--
作者：
Grigoriadis, Sophie;Robinson, Gail Erlick
通讯作者：
Robinson, Gail Erlick
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
EFRON, B
通讯作者：
EFRON, B
影响因子：
6
作者：
McPherson, M;Casswell, S;Pledger, M
通讯作者：
Pledger, M