Rare codons cluster.

Rare codons cluster.
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DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0003412
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发表时间:
2008
期刊:
影响因子:
3.7
通讯作者:
Clark PL
Clark PL
中科院分区:
综合性期刊3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Clarke TF 4th;Clark PL

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大多数氨基酸由多个密码子编码。这些同义密码子的使用频率并不相同:在每个生物体中,某些密码子使用更常用,而另一些密码子则更为罕见。尽管编码的蛋白质序列相同,但选择压力有利于更常见的密码子,以提高翻译速度和保真度。然而,稀有密码子仍然存在,可能是由于中性漂移。在这里,我们确定除了中性漂移之外的其他未知因素是否影响稀有密码子的选择和/或分布。我们开发了一种新的算法,可以评估用于生成给定蛋白质序列的核苷酸序列的相对稀有度。我们发现稀有密码子不是随机分散在基因中,而是经常出现在大簇中。这些簇出现在许多真核和原核基因组中,并且不限于不寻常或很少表达的基因:许多高表达的基因,包括核糖体蛋白的基因,都包含稀有密码子簇。稀有密码子簇可以阻碍稀有密码子序列的核糖体翻译。这些结果表明额外的选择压力控制着同义密码子的使用,特别是翻译中的局部暂停可能有利于蛋白质的生物合成。
Most amino acids are encoded by more than one codon. These synonymous codons are not used with equal frequency: in every organism, some codons are used more commonly, while others are more rare. Though the encoded protein sequence is identical, selective pressures favor more common codons for enhanced translation speed and fidelity. However, rare codons persist, presumably due to neutral drift. Here, we determine whether other, unknown factors, beyond neutral drift, affect the selection and/or distribution of rare codons. We have developed a novel algorithm that evaluates the relative rareness of a nucleotide sequence used to produce a given protein sequence. We show that rare codons, rather than being randomly scattered across genes, often occur in large clusters. These clusters occur in numerous eukaryotic and prokaryotic genomes, and are not confined to unusual or rarely expressed genes: many highly expressed genes, including genes for ribosomal proteins, contain rare codon clusters. A rare codon cluster can impede ribosome translation of the rare codon sequence. These results indicate additional selective pressures govern the use of synonymous codons, and specifically that local pauses in translation can be beneficial for protein biogenesis.
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