Rheotaxis guides mammalian sperm.
Rheotaxis guides mammalian sperm.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cub.2013.02.007
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发表时间：
2013-03-18
期刊：
影响因子：
9.2
通讯作者：
Clapham, David E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Miki, Kiyoshi;Clapham, David E.
在海胆中，趋化肽改变了精子的运动性，从而产生了哺乳动物卵子也释放趋化剂的假设，该趋化剂引导精子通过雌性生殖道到达成熟的卵母细胞。哺乳动物精子确实在雌性体内经历复杂的适应（获能过程），这些适应是由从pH到孕酮的各种因素引发的，但这些因素不一定是趋化的。目前，趋化性、趋热性和趋流性在哺乳动物中还没有明确的确定。在这里，我们表明，积极的趋流性，生物体的方向和游泳的能力，对周围的流体流动，是一个主要的taxic因素，小鼠和人类精子。这种流动在雌性小鼠的性刺激和性交的4小时内产生;催乳素触发的输卵管液分泌清除输卵管的碎片，降低粘度，并产生引导精子在输卵管中迁移的液流。在低粘度和高粘度培养基中，获能和未获能的精子都表现出流变性运动。最后，我们表明，一个独特的精子运动，我们量化使用的精子头部的滚动率反映精子旋转，产生必要的力量，定位精子在流中。旋转需要CatSper通道，大概是通过使Ca 2+流入。我们认为趋流性是哺乳动物雌性生殖道中精子长距离运动的主要决定因素。性交诱导液体流动以引导精子进入输卵管。精子趋流性需要CatSper通道依赖性超激活运动过程中的旋转运动。
In sea urchins, spermatozoan motility is altered by chemotactic peptides, giving rise to the assumption that mammalian eggs also emit chemotactic agents that guide spermatozoa through the female reproductive tract to the mature oocyte. Mammalian spermatozoa indeed undergo complex adaptations within the female (the process of capacitation) that are initiated by agents ranging from pH to progesterone, but these factors are not necessarily taxic. Currently, chemotaxis, thermotaxis, and rheotaxis have not been definitively established in mammals. Here, we show that positive rheotaxis, the ability of organisms to orient and swim against the flow of surrounding fluid, is a major taxic factor for mouse and human sperm. This flow is generated within 4 hours of sexual stimulation and coitus in female mice; prolactin-triggered oviductal fluid secretion clears the oviduct of debris, lowers viscosity, and generates the stream that guides sperm migration in the oviduct. Rheotaxic movement is demonstrated in capacitated and uncapacitated spermatozoa in low and high viscosity medium. Finally, we show that a unique sperm motion we quantify using the sperm head's rolling rate reflects sperm rotation that generates essential force for positioning the sperm in the stream. Rotation requires CatSper channels, presumably by enabling Ca2+ influx. We propose that rheotaxis is a major determinant of sperm guidance over long distances in the mammalian female reproductive tract. Coitus induces fluid flow to guide sperm in the oviduct. Sperm rheotaxis requires rotational motion during CatSper channel-dependent hyperactivated motility.
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