Holding thermal receipt paper and eating food after using hand sanitizer results in high serum bioactive and urine total levels of bisphenol A (BPA).
Holding thermal receipt paper and eating food after using hand sanitizer results in high serum bioactive and urine total levels of bisphenol A (BPA).
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0110509
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Taylor JA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hormann AM;Vom Saal FS;Nagel SC;Stahlhut RW;Moyer CL;Ellersieck MR;Welshons WV;Toutain PL;Taylor JA
双酚A（BPA）是一种内分泌干扰环境污染物，用于各种产品中，几乎每个人的尿液中都发现了BPA代谢物，这表明BPA广泛暴露于多种来源。监管机构估计，几乎所有的BPA暴露都来自食品和饮料包装。然而，游离BPA作为打印显影剂以非常高的量（约20 mg BPA/g纸）施加到热敏收据纸的外层。当考虑热敏纸作为BPA暴露的来源时，没有考虑到一些常用的洗手液以及其他护肤产品含有皮肤渗透增强化学品的混合物，这些化学品可以使亲脂性化合物（如BPA）的皮肤吸收增加高达100倍。我们发现，当男性和女性在使用含有渗透增强化学物质的洗手液后立即拿着热收据纸时，大量的游离BPA被转移到他们的手上，然后转移到吃的炸薯条上，皮肤和口服BPA吸收的组合导致非结合型BPA的平均最大增加（Cmax）迅速而显著。（生物活性）90分钟内，血清中BPA含量为1.7ng/mL，尿液中总BPA含量为1.20 µg/g肌酐。监管机构用于测试化学品危害的默认方法是胃内灌胃。对于BPA，这种方法导致血液中的生物利用度低于1%。它还忽略了皮肤吸收以及口腔中的舌下吸收，这两种吸收都绕过了首过肝脏代谢。我们观察到，由于使用含有皮肤渗透增强化学品的产品后持有热敏纸，BPA水平升高，这与成人中各种发育异常和疾病的风险增加有关。
Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine disrupting environmental contaminant used in a wide variety of products, and BPA metabolites are found in almost everyone’s urine, suggesting widespread exposure from multiple sources. Regulatory agencies estimate that virtually all BPA exposure is from food and beverage packaging. However, free BPA is applied to the outer layer of thermal receipt paper present in very high (∼20 mg BPA/g paper) quantities as a print developer. Not taken into account when considering thermal paper as a source of BPA exposure is that some commonly used hand sanitizers, as well as other skin care products, contain mixtures of dermal penetration enhancing chemicals that can increase by up to 100 fold the dermal absorption of lipophilic compounds such as BPA. We found that when men and women held thermal receipt paper immediately after using a hand sanitizer with penetration enhancing chemicals, significant free BPA was transferred to their hands and then to French fries that were eaten, and the combination of dermal and oral BPA absorption led to a rapid and dramatic average maximum increase (Cmax) in unconjugated (bioactive) BPA of ∼7 ng/mL in serum and ∼20 µg total BPA/g creatinine in urine within 90 min. The default method used by regulatory agencies to test for hazards posed by chemicals is intra-gastric gavage. For BPA this approach results in less than 1% of the administered dose being bioavailable in blood. It also ignores dermal absorption as well as sublingual absorption in the mouth that both bypass first-pass liver metabolism. The elevated levels of BPA that we observed due to holding thermal paper after using a product containing dermal penetration enhancing chemicals have been related to an increased risk for a wide range of developmental abnormalities as well as diseases in adults.
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影响因子：
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DOI：
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发表时间：
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期刊：
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影响因子：
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DOI：
10.1001/jama.2013.283735
发表时间：
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