Composite In Situ Microphysical Analysis of All Spiral Vertical Profiles Executed within BAMEX and PECAN Mesoscale Convective Systems

Composite In Situ Microphysical Analysis of All Spiral Vertical Profiles Executed within BAMEX and PECAN Mesoscale Convective Systems
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在 BAMEX 和 PECAN 中尺度对流系统中执行的所有螺旋垂直剖面的复合原位微物理分析

DOI:
10.1175/jas-d-19-0317.1
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发表时间:
2020
影响因子:
3.1
通讯作者:
and Black, R.A.
and Black, R.A.
中科院分区:
地球科学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Stechman, D.M.;McFarquhar, G.M.;Rauber, R.M.;Jewett, B.F.;and Black, R.A.

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在2015年平原夜间高架对流(PECAN)项目期间,使用NOAA P-3飞机上的仪器获得了温度,相对湿度,云粒子浓度,中值质量尺寸和质量含量的垂直廓线,用于在五个中尺度对流系统(MCS)内飞行的37个螺旋上升/下降。在2003年的弓形回波和中尺度对流涡实验(BAMEX)中,NOAA P-3在10个MCS中有16次螺旋下降。这些螺旋内的热力学和微物理特性的统计分布的背景下,三个主要的MCS区域的过渡区(TZ),增强层状雨区(ESR),和砧区(AR)-允许扣除有关的相对重要性和微物理过程的性质在每个区域。在冰点以下的温度下,所有MCS区域的聚集都是普遍存在的,其中环境欠饱和度(如果存在)通过升华调节了该过程的有效性。占主导地位的冰过饱和ESR经历了最小的影响升华的微物理特性相对于TZ和AR。聚集是最有限的升华在冰亚饱和AR,总粒子数和质量浓度下降最迅速,随着温度的升高。TZ中冰粒表面的升华冷却是三个地区中最干燥的,使冰能够在高达+6.8 ° C的温度下存活。在锋线后面形成的两个螺旋显示出原始冰晶的高发生率,并且具有与大多数其他螺旋明显不同的特征。该区域中尺度到天气尺度的逐渐上升可能是造成所观察到的差异的原因。
Vertical profiles of temperature, relative humidity, cloud particle concentration, median mass dimension, and mass content were derived using instruments on the NOAA P-3 aircraft for 37 spiral ascents/descents flown within five mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) during the 2015 Plains Elevated Convection at Night (PECAN) project, and 16 spiral descents of the NOAA P-3 within 10 MCSs during the 2003 Bow Echo and Mesoscale Convective Vortex Experiment (BAMEX). The statistical distribution of thermodynamic and microphysical properties within these spirals is presented in context of three primary MCS regions—the transition zone (TZ), enhanced stratiform rain region (ESR), and the anvil region (AR)—allowing deductions concerning the relative importance and nature of microphysical processes in each region. Aggregation was ubiquitous across all MCS zones at subfreezing temperatures, where the degree of ambient subsaturation, if present, moderated the effectiveness of this process via sublimation. The predominately ice-supersaturated ESR experienced the least impact of sublimation on microphysical characteristics relative to the TZ and AR. Aggregation was most limited by sublimation in the ice-subsaturated AR, where total particle number and mass concentrations decreased most rapidly with increasing temperature. Sublimation cooling at the surface of ice particles in the TZ, the driest of the three regions, allowed ice to survive to temperatures as high as +6.8°C. Two spirals executed behind a frontal squall line exhibited a high incidence of pristine ice crystals, and notably different characteristics from most other spirals. Gradual meso- to synoptic-scale ascent in this region likely contributed to the observed differences.
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