Gender difference in preference of specialty as a career choice among Japanese medical students.
Gender difference in preference of specialty as a career choice among Japanese medical students.
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DOI：
10.1186/s12909-016-0811-1
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发表时间：
2016-11-10
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Abe M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kawamoto R;Ninomiya D;Kasai Y;Kusunoki T;Ohtsuka N;Kumagi T;Abe M
在日本，医生的绝对短缺和专科医生的分配不均是日本医疗体系中的一个重大问题。本研究旨在探讨影响日本医学生择业专业偏好的因素。共有368名医学生完成了这项调查，回应率为88.2%。受试者包括年龄21 ± 3(范围18-34)岁的女性和年龄22 ± 4(范围18-44)的男性227人。以专业偏好为标准变量，括号内因素为6个激励变量(例如，因素1：教育经验；因素2：工作安全感；因素3：他人建议；因素4：工作与生活平衡；因素5：技术和研究专业；因素6：个人原因)进行二元Logistic回归分析。女性明显比男性更喜欢儿科、妇产科和心理学。男性明显比女性更喜欢手术和整形外科。无论男女，“技术和研究专业”的优势比(OR)高，而“个人原因”的优势比(OR)低，都与手术偏好有关。“技术研究专业”与内科专科偏好呈正相关，与儿科专业偏好呈负相关。“工作-生活平衡”与心理偏好呈正相关，与急诊医学偏好呈负相关。仅在女性中，“技术研究专业”与对普通医学/家庭医学和妇产科的偏爱呈负相关，而“工作安全感”与对普通医学/家庭医学的偏爱呈正相关，与心理学的偏爱呈负相关。仅在男性中，“教育经历”和“个人原因”是积极的，而“工作保障”与对儿科的偏好是负相关的。对于男女来说，“工作与生活平衡”与对可控生活方式的偏好呈正相关。我们必须承认，日本医学生已经将他们基于性别的专业偏好的一些动机一分为二。要解决这些问题，有必要系统地改善工作环境。
In Japan, the absolute deficiency of doctors and maldistribution of doctors by specialty is a significant problem in the Japanese health care system. The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors contributing to specialty preference in career choice among Japanese medical students. A total of 368 medical students completed the survey giving an 88.2 % response rate. The subjects comprised 141 women aged 21 ± 3 (range, 18–34) years and 227 men aged 22 ± 4 (range, 18–44) years. Binary Logistic regression analysis was performed using specialty preferences as the criterion variable and the factors in brackets as six motivational variables (e.g., Factor 1: educational experience; Factor 2: job security; Factor 3: advice from others; Factor 4: work-life balance; Factor 5: technical and research specialty; and Factor 6: personal reasons). Women significantly preferred pediatrics, obstetrics & gynecology, and psychology than the men. Men significantly preferred surgery and orthopedics than the women. For both genders, a high odds ratio (OR) of “technical & research specialty” and a low OR for “personal reasons” were associated with preference for surgery. “Technical & research specialty” was positively associated with preference for special internal medicine and negatively for pediatrics. “Work-life balance” was positively associated with preference for psychology and negatively for emergency medicine. Among the women only, “technical & research specialty” was negatively associated with preference for general medicine/family medicine and obstetrics & gynecology, and “job security” was positively associated for general medicine/family medicine and negatively for psychology. Among men only, “educational experience” and “personal reasons” were positively, and “job security” was negatively associated with preference for pediatrics. For both genders, “work-life balance” was positively associated with preference for controllable lifestyle specialties. We must acknowledge that Japanese medical students have dichotomized some motivations for their specialty preference based on gender. Systematic improvements in the working environment are necessary to solve these issues.
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通讯作者：
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