Antibiotic Use in Agriculture and Its Consequential Resistance in Environmental Sources: Potential Public Health Implications.
Antibiotic Use in Agriculture and Its Consequential Resistance in Environmental Sources: Potential Public Health Implications.
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DOI：
10.3390/molecules23040795
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发表时间：
2018-03-30
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Okoh A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Manyi-Loh C;Mamphweli S;Meyer E;Okoh A
由于发展中国家对动物蛋白的需求增加，集约化农业被煽动起来，这导致动物源性产品中的抗生素残留，并最终导致抗生素耐药性。抗生素耐药性是一个重大的公共卫生问题，因为与动物相关的耐药性细菌可能对人类具有致病性，容易通过食物链传播给人类，并通过动物粪便在环境中广泛传播。这些可能会导致人类复杂，无法治疗和长期感染，导致更高的医疗费用，有时甚至死亡。在上述国家，由于临床和农业环境中抗生素的不合理使用、社会经济地位低下、环境卫生和个人卫生状况差，以及人畜共患细菌病原体没有定期培养，它们对常用抗生素的耐药性几乎没有调查（监测系统差），抗生素耐药性问题非常复杂和困难。随之而来的挑战是地方，国家，区域和国际层面的，因为没有地理边界来阻止抗生素耐药性的传播。此外，通过对已发表的研究结果进行全面审查，本研究中收集的信息强调了动物源性产品中抗生素的存在以及环境样品中的多药耐药性现象。因此，这就要求加强指导抗生素生产、分销、配药和处方的法规，从而促进抗生素管理。需要在世界各地与国际机构开展联合合作，以协助发展中国家对抗生素的使用和抗生素耐药性进行良好的监测。
Due to the increased demand of animal protein in developing countries, intensive farming is instigated, which results in antibiotic residues in animal-derived products, and eventually, antibiotic resistance. Antibiotic resistance is of great public health concern because the antibiotic-resistant bacteria associated with the animals may be pathogenic to humans, easily transmitted to humans via food chains, and widely disseminated in the environment via animal wastes. These may cause complicated, untreatable, and prolonged infections in humans, leading to higher healthcare cost and sometimes death. In the said countries, antibiotic resistance is so complex and difficult, due to irrational use of antibiotics both in the clinical and agriculture settings, low socioeconomic status, poor sanitation and hygienic status, as well as that zoonotic bacterial pathogens are not regularly cultured, and their resistance to commonly used antibiotics are scarcely investigated (poor surveillance systems). The challenges that follow are of local, national, regional, and international dimensions, as there are no geographic boundaries to impede the spread of antibiotic resistance. In addition, the information assembled in this study through a thorough review of published findings, emphasized the presence of antibiotics in animal-derived products and the phenomenon of multidrug resistance in environmental samples. This therefore calls for strengthening of regulations that direct antibiotic manufacture, distribution, dispensing, and prescription, hence fostering antibiotic stewardship. Joint collaboration across the world with international bodies is needed to assist the developing countries to implement good surveillance of antibiotic use and antibiotic resistance.
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DOI：
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发表时间：
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影响因子：
--
作者：
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通讯作者：
Clarke AM