Rapid evolution in managed grasslands: different land-use regimes are associated with contrasting phenotypes in Plantago lanceolata
Rapid evolution in managed grasslands: different land-use regimes are associated with contrasting phenotypes in Plantago lanceolata
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管理草地的快速演变：不同的土地利用制度与车前草的不同表型相关
DOI：
10.1101/2020.02.27.967448
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Bossdorf O
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gáspár B;Durka W;Bossdorf O
土地利用集约化是生物多样性下降的主要驱动因素，众所周知，它会减少物种数量并改变管理草地的群落组成。一个悬而未决的问题是，类似的影响是否发生在物种内部，即草原管理是否也会影响植物种群的遗传多样性并改变其遗传组成，这可能反映了对土地利用的适应。为了解决这些问题，我们对常见草原草本植物车前草（Plantago lanceolata）的 61 个种群进行了采样，这些种群覆盖了德国生物多样性探索中心广泛的土地利用强度，并在共同的环境中培育它们的后代，以量化植物大小、结构、繁殖和叶子经济的变化。所有测量的性状都存在显着的遗传变异，九个性状中有六个显示出群体分化。有趣的是，一些性状与土地利用强度显着相关，但割草与放牧的趋势相反：割草强度的增加与较大的植物尺寸和较低的比叶面积（SLA）相关，这可能反映了对光竞争增加的进化反应以及高产草甸对资源保护的较少需求。相比之下，放牧强度的增加往往与较小的植物尺寸和较高的 SLA 相关，SLA 是放牧草坪中已知的一种表型综合症。此外，我们发现土地利用集约化也会影响遗传多样性，同样对割草与放牧产生相反的影响：虽然增加割草与种群内表型变异水平降低相关，但与放牧强度增加相反。综上所述，土地利用集约化不仅已经引起了这些草原种群的快速进化变化，而且还影响着它们未来的进化潜力。
Land-use intensification is a major driver of biodiversity declines, and it is known to decrease species numbers and alter community composition of managed grasslands. An open question is whether similar impacts occur within species, i.e. whether grassland management affects also the genetic diversity of plant populations and alters their genetic composition, possibly reflecting adaptation to land use. To address these questions, we sampled 61 populations of the common grassland herbPlantago lanceolatathat covered a broad range of land use intensities in the German Biodiversity Exploratories, and we grew their offspring in a common environment to quantify variation in plant size, architecture, reproduction, and leaf economy. All measured traits harboured substantial heritable variation, and six out of nine traits showed population differentiation. Interestingly, several traits were significantly correlated with land use intensity, but with opposing trends for mowing versus grazing: Increased mowing intensity was associated with larger plant size and lower specific leaf area (SLA), which may reflect evolutionary responses to increased light competition and a lesser need for resource conservation in highly productive meadows. In contrast, increased grazing intensity tended to be associated with smaller plant size and higher SLA, a phenotype syndrome known from grazing lawns. Moreover, we found that land-use intensification also affected genetic diversity, again with opposing effects for mowing versus grazing: while increased mowing was associated with decreased levels of intrapopulation phenotypic variation, the opposite was true for increased grazing intensity. In summary, land use intensification has not only already caused rapid evolutionary changes in these grassland populations, it also affects their future evolutionary potential.
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车前子：多学科研究
DOI：
--
发表时间：
1992
期刊：
Ecological Studies
影响因子：
--
作者：
P. Kuiper;M. Bos
通讯作者：
M. Bos
蛞蝓-植物相互作用的实验研究 III。
DOI：
--
发表时间：
1982
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
R. Dirzo;J. Harper;Gwynedd Ll
通讯作者：
Gwynedd Ll
鸡脚草（Dactylis Glomerta L.）：与生物因子相关的生态型
影响因子：
5.5
作者：
R. Stapledon
通讯作者：
R. Stapledon
车前子生态相关形态变异的遗传分析。 IV 叶角双向选择的响应和相关响应1
影响因子：
3.8
作者：
K. Wolff;W. Delden
通讯作者：
W. Delden
日本奈良公园一年生植物 Persicaria longiseta 的矮化形态，作为对放牧栖息地的局部适应
影响因子：
1.4
作者：
R. Suzuki
通讯作者：
R. Suzuki