Changing growing conditions for crops during the Near Eastern Bronze Age (3000–1200 BC): the stable carbon isotope evidence

Changing growing conditions for crops during the Near Eastern Bronze Age (3000–1200 BC): the stable carbon isotope evidence
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近东青铜时代(公元前 3000 年至 1200 年)作物生长条件的变化:稳定碳同位素证据

DOI:
10.1016/j.jas.2007.07.003
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发表时间:
2008
影响因子:
2.8
通讯作者:
Pustovoytov
Pustovoytov
中科院分区:
地球科学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Bryson;Pustovoytov

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对美索不达米亚北部和黎凡特七个青铜时代遗址农作物遗骸中碳同位素歧视(Δ13C)的分析表明,不同地理区域和不同时期(公元前3000-1200年)的可用水量存在明显差异。在不同的水分变量中,模拟降水减去蒸发(P-E——使用宏观物理气候模型(MCM))与大麦的 Δ13C 值具有非常高的相关性(0.74),支持了气候参数(有效水分)在该物种固碳中的重要性。不同时期不同作物的 Δ13C 值的比较证实,与早期青铜时代后期(公元前 2700-2000 年)相比,中青铜时代(公元前 2000-1600 年)的干旱程度有所增加,特别是在叙利亚东北部地区,中青铜时代期间 Δ13C 值普遍较低,正如古气候代理中所记录的那样,并且与 MCM 一致。来自单个地点不同样本的一种物种的谷物或种子的 Δ13C 值的标准偏差可以理解为所考虑地点周围谷物灌浆期间水分条件的变化。大标准差最好出现在年平均降水量较低的地点(例如在埃马尔),这表明在这些地点,至少有一些农作物得到了灌溉。
The analysis of carbon isotope discrimination (Δ13C) in crop plant remains from seven Bronze Age sites in northern Mesopotamia and the Levant shows clear differences in water availability between the different geographic areas and throughout the different periods (3000–1200 BC). Amongst the different moisture variables modelled precipitation minus evaporation (P-E—using a macrophysical climate model (MCM)) results in very high correlation (0.74) with Δ13C values in barley, supporting the significance of climate parameters (effective moisture) in carbon fixation in this species. The comparison of Δ13C values of different crops in different periods confirms increased aridity during the Middle Bronze Age (2000–1600 BC), compared to the later Early Bronze Age (2700–2000 BC) particularly in the north-eastern Syrian territory with generally lower Δ13C values during the Middle Bronze Age, as has been documented in palaeoclimate proxies, and in agreement with the MCM. Standard deviation in Δ13C values from grains or seeds of one species originating from different samples of an individual site may be understood as variability in moisture conditions during the grain-filling period around the considered location. Large standard deviations occur preferably in sites with low mean annual precipitation (e.g. at Emar) and suggest that in these sites, at least some of the crops were irrigated.
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