Evidence for recycling of synaptic vesicle membrane during transmitter release at the frog neuromuscular junction.
Evidence for recycling of synaptic vesicle membrane during transmitter release at the frog neuromuscular junction.
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DOI：
10.1083/jcb.57.2.315
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发表时间：
1973-05
影响因子：
7.8
通讯作者：
REESE, TS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
HEUSER, JE;REESE, TS
当分离的蛙缝匠肌神经受到10hz的刺激时，运动神经末梢的突触囊泡瞬间耗尽。这种消耗显然是由于突触囊泡膜的重新分配而不是消失，因为在刺激期间，构成这些神经末梢的膜总量保持不变。在刺激1 min时，突触囊泡膜30%的损耗几乎被质膜的增加所平衡，这表明囊泡膜迅速向表面移动，就像囊泡通过胞吐释放其递质含量一样。刺激15 min后，突触囊泡膜60%的损耗在很大程度上被末端内出现的大量不规则膜壁池所平衡，提示囊泡膜从表面作为池被回收。刺激15 min后肌肉休息，池泡消失，突触囊泡重新出现，提示池泡分裂形成新的突触囊泡，原来的囊泡膜重新循环形成新的突触囊泡。当用辣根过氧化物酶（HRP）浸泡肌肉时，这种示踪剂首先进入刺激时形成的池，然后进入休息时重新出现的突触囊泡的很大一部分，加强了突触囊泡表面添加的膜作为池被回收的观点，池随后分裂形成新的囊泡。当突触囊泡中含有HRP的肌肉被洗涤以去除细胞外HRP并重新刺激时，HRP从囊泡中消失，而不出现在第二次刺激时形成的新池中，证实了突触膜从表面经过池池到新囊泡的单向循环。包被囊泡显然代表了突触囊泡膜从质膜中回收的实际机制，因为在神经刺激过程中，它们在雪旺突覆盖的神经末梢区域增殖，吸收过氧化物酶，并在与池池融合的各个阶段出现。相比之下，突触囊泡似乎没有直接从表面返回形成池，池本身也没有直接连接到表面。因此，在刺激过程中，该突触的细胞内隔室改变形状并摄取细胞外蛋白，这表明胞吐过程中添加到表面的突触囊泡膜被包被囊泡回收，并通过中间贮池再循环到新的突触囊泡中。
When the nerves of isolated frog sartorius muscles were stimulated at 10 Hz, synaptic vesicles in the motor nerve terminals became transiently depleted. This depletion apparently resulted from a redistribution rather than disappearance of synaptic vesicle membrane, since the total amount of membrane comprising these nerve terminals remained constant during stimulation. At 1 min of stimulation, the 30% depletion in synaptic vesicle membrane was nearly balanced by an increase in plasma membrane, suggesting that vesicle membrane rapidly moved to the surface as it might if vesicles released their content of transmitter by exocytosis. After 15 min of stimulation, the 60% depletion of synaptic vesicle membrane was largely balanced by the appearance of numerous irregular membrane-walled cisternae inside the terminals, suggesting that vesicle membrane was retrieved from the surface as cisternae. When muscles were rested after 15 min of stimulation, cisternae disappeared and synaptic vesicles reappeared, suggesting that cisternae divided to form new synaptic vesicles so that the original vesicle membrane was now recycled into new synaptic vesicles. When muscles were soaked in horseradish peroxidase (HRP), this tracerfirst entered the cisternae which formed during stimulation and then entered a large proportion of the synaptic vesicles which reappeared during rest, strengthening the idea that synaptic vesicle membrane added to the surface was retrieved as cisternae which subsequently divided to form new vesicles. When muscles containing HRP in synaptic vesicles were washed to remove extracellular HRP and restimulated, HRP disappeared from vesicles without appearing in the new cisternae formed during the second stimulation, confirming that a one-way recycling of synaptic membrane, from the surface through cisternae to new vesicles, was occurring. Coated vesicles apparently represented the actual mechanism for retrieval of synaptic vesicle membrane from the plasma membrane, because during nerve stimulation they proliferated at regions of the nerve terminals covered by Schwann processes, took up peroxidase, and appeared in various stages of coalescence with cisternae. In contrast, synaptic vesicles did not appear to return directly from the surface to form cisternae, and cisternae themselves never appeared directly connected to the surface. Thus, during stimulation the intracellular compartments of this synapse change shape and take up extracellular protein in a manner which indicates that synaptic vesicle membrane added to the surface during exocytosis is retrieved by coated vesicles and recycled into new synaptic vesicles by way of intermediate cisternae.
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1749-6632.1966.tb45458.x
发表时间：
1966-01-01
影响因子：
5.2
作者：
BIRKS, RI
通讯作者：
BIRKS, RI
影响因子：
5.5
作者：
BIRKS, R;HUXLEY, HE;KATZ, B
通讯作者：
KATZ, B
影响因子：
2.9
作者：
BOWERS, B
通讯作者：
BOWERS, B
影响因子：
3.2
作者：
GRAHAM, RC;KARNOVSKY, MJ
通讯作者：
KARNOVSKY, MJ
影响因子：
--
作者：
BRIGHTMAN, MW
通讯作者：
BRIGHTMAN, MW