Hearing crosstalk: the molecular conversation orchestrating inner ear dorsoventral patterning.
Hearing crosstalk: the molecular conversation orchestrating inner ear dorsoventral patterning.
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DOI：
10.1002/wdev.302
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发表时间：
2018-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Schoenwolf GC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ohta S;Schoenwolf GC
内耳是一个结构和功能复杂的器官，负责平衡和听力。它起源于神经形成过程中，称为耳基板的喙外胚层局部增厚区域，位于发育中的尾部后脑附近。耳基板形成后不久，它会内陷以勾勒出耳杯的轮廓，耳杯迅速从表面外胚层中夹断，形成一个称为耳囊的空心球形囊泡；后者在背侧产生内耳前庭成分，在腹侧产生听觉成分。耳囊的形态发生受到 WNT、BMP 和 SHH 等分泌蛋白的调节，这些蛋白决定其背腹极性，从而定义前庭和耳蜗结构以及感觉和非感觉细胞的命运。在这篇综述中，我们重点关注三个分泌分子家族之间发生的串扰，以逐渐极化和模式化发育中的耳囊。背腹模式形成过程中三个分泌蛋白家族之间串扰调节的已知耳囊转录因子的总结。耳囊的背腹侧模式是由三个分泌蛋白家族之间的串扰精心策划的，这些蛋白以时空方式调节转录因子的表达。 BMP 信号传导是内耳背侧（前庭）成分发育所必需的，它上调两种转录因子 Dlx5 和 Hmx3 的表达，这两种因子对于前庭发育至关重要。 WNT 和 BMP 信号传导协同诱导耳囊背外侧壁中的 Dlx5 表达，而 WNT 信号传导在背内侧壁中单独作用以调节 Gbx2 的表达，而 Gbx2 似乎又是 Dlx5 表达所必需的。 SHH 信号传导是内耳腹侧（耳蜗）成分发育所必需的，它上调两种转录因子 Pax2 和 Otx2 的表达，这两种因子对于耳蜗发育至关重要。背侧和腹侧耳囊中转录因子的表达也受到分泌因子的抑制，BMP 信号传导下调 Otx2 表达，SHH 信号传导可能下调 Dlx5 表达。
The inner ear is a structurally and functionally complex organ that functions in balance and hearing. It originates during neurulation as a localized thickened region of rostral ectoderm termed the otic placode, which lies adjacent to the developing caudal hindbrain. Shortly after the otic placode forms, it invaginates to delineate the otic cup, which quickly pinches off of the surface ectoderm to form a hollow spherical vesicle called the otocyst; the latter gives rise dorsally to inner ear vestibular components and ventrally to its auditory component. Morphogenesis of the otocyst is regulated by secreted proteins, such as WNTs, BMPs, and SHH, which determine its dorsoventral polarity to define vestibular and cochlear structures and sensory and non-sensory cell fates. In this review, we focus on the crosstalk that occurs among three families of secreted molecules to progressively polarize and pattern the developing otocyst. Summary of the known otocyst transcription factors regulated by crosstalk among three families of secreted proteins during dorsoventral patterning. Dorsoventral patterning of the otocyst is orchestrated by crosstalk among three families of secreted proteins that regulate the expression of transcription factors in a temporospatial manner. BMP signaling, which is required for development of the dorsal (vestibular) component of the inner ear, upregulates the expression of two transcription factors, Dlx5 and Hmx3, both of which are essential for vestibular development. WNT and BMP signaling partner to induce Dlx5 expression in the dorsolateral wall of the otocyst, whereas WNT signaling acts alone in the dorsomedial wall to regulate the expression of Gbx2, which in turn seems to be required for Dlx5 expression. SHH signaling, which is required for development of the ventral (cochlear) component of the inner ear, upregulates the expression of two transcription factors, Pax2 and Otx2, both of which are essential for cochlear development. The expression of transcription factors in the dorsal and ventral otocyst also is inhibited by secreted factors, with BMP signaling downregulating Otx2 expression and SHH signaling arguably downregulating Dlx5 expression.
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影响因子：
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作者：
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