Patterns of GPS measured time outdoors after school and objective physical activity in English children: the PEACH project.
Patterns of GPS measured time outdoors after school and objective physical activity in English children: the PEACH project.
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DOI：
10.1186/1479-5868-7-31
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发表时间：
2010-04-22
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Jago R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cooper AR;Page AS;Wheeler BW;Hillsdon M;Griew P;Jago R
观察性研究表明，儿童在户外的时间与身体活动之间存在正相关。户外时间可能是增加青少年身体活动的一个可行的干预目标，但需要一些方法来准确测量在不同地点以及持续一段时间内的户外时间。全球定位系统（GPS）能提供精确的位置数据，并可用于确定一个人何时在户外。本研究的目的是调查在户外记录的GPS数据是否与客观测量的身体活动相关。
参与者是从英格兰西南部23所城市小学招募的1010名儿童（年龄为11.0 ± 0.4岁），测量时间在2006年9月至2008年7月之间。身体活动通过加速度计（Actigraph GT1M）进行测量，儿童在四个工作日放学后佩戴GPS接收器（Garmin Foretrex 201）以记录户外时间。加速度计和GPS数据以10秒为一个时段进行记录，并结合起来描述当同时有GPS和加速度计记录（户外）以及只有加速度计数据（室内）时的身体活动模式。方差分析用于研究户外和室内身体活动模式的性别和季节差异，线性回归用于检验GPS测量的户外时间与身体活动之间的横断面相关性。
在对潜在的混杂因素进行调整后，GPS测量的户外时间是儿童身体活动的一个重要的独立预测因素。户外的身体活动比室内高2.5倍以上（每分钟1345.8 ± 907.3次计数对比508.9 ± 282.9次计数；F = 783.2，p <.001）。总体而言，儿童在下午3点30分至8点30分之间记录的户外时间为41.7 ± 46.1分钟，夏季月份在户外的时间更多（p <.001）。在户外花费的时间上没有性别差异。夏季户外的身体活动比冬季高（p <.001），而室内身体活动没有季节变化。
GPS记录的时长与客观测量的身体活动呈正相关，并且对季节差异敏感。GPS和身体活动数据的逐分钟模式是可行的，并且可能是研究环境对儿童身体活动的影响以及确定干预机会的有用工具。
Observational studies have shown a positive association between time outdoors and physical activity in children. Time outdoors may be a feasible intervention target to increase the physical activity of youth, but methods are required to accurately measure time spent outdoors in a range of locations and over a sustained period. The Global Positioning System (GPS) provides precise location data and can be used to identify when an individual is outdoors. The aim of this study was to investigate whether GPS data recorded outdoors were associated with objectively measured physical activity. Participants were 1010 children (11.0 ± 0.4 years) recruited from 23 urban primary schools in South West England, measured between September 2006 and July 2008. Physical activity was measured by accelerometry (Actigraph GT1M) and children wore a GPS receiver (Garmin Foretrex 201) after school on four weekdays to record time outdoors. Accelerometer and GPS data were recorded at 10 second epochs and were combined to describe patterns of physical activity when both a GPS and accelerometer record were present (outdoors) and when there was accelerometer data only (indoors). ANOVA was used to investigate gender and seasonal differences in the patterns of outdoor and indoor physical activity, and linear regression was used to examine the cross-sectional associations between GPS-measured time outdoors and physical activity. GPS-measured time outdoors was a significant independent predictor of children's physical activity after adjustment for potential confounding factors. Physical activity was more than 2.5 fold higher outdoors than indoors (1345.8 ± 907.3 vs 508.9 ± 282.9 counts per minute; F = 783.2, p < .001). Overall, children recorded 41.7 ± 46.1 minutes outdoors between 3.30 pm and 8.30 pm, with more time spent outdoors in the summer months (p < .001). There was no gender difference in time spent outdoors. Physical activity outdoors was higher in the summer than the winter (p < .001), whilst there was no seasonal variation in physical activity indoors. Duration of GPS recording is positively associated with objectively measured physical activity and is sensitive to seasonal differences. Minute by minute patterning of GPS and physical activity data is feasible and may be a useful tool to investigate environmental influences on children's physical activity and to identify opportunities for intervention.
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