From features to categories: The development of inductive generalization.

From features to categories: The development of inductive generalization.
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DOI:
10.1037/xlm0001263
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发表时间:
2023-10
影响因子:
2.6
通讯作者:
Sloutsky, Vladimir M.
Sloutsky, Vladimir M.
中科院分区:
心理学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Ralston, Robert W.;Sloutsky, Vladimir M.

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幼儿可以从已知的事物概括为新事物,但其潜在机制仍有争议。一些人认为,从很小的时候起,概括就是基于类别的,并且几乎没有经过什么发展,而另一些人则认为,早期概括是基于相似性的,并且类别的使用会随着时间的推移而出现。目前的研究为这场辩论带来了新的证据。在实验一(N = 118)中,我们提出了4-5岁的儿童和成人的类别学习任务,其次是一个范例生成任务。然后,在实验2(N = 126)中,我们提出了相同的任务,但提供额外的概念信息的类别成员。我们的研究结果表明,早期推理经历了戏剧性的发展:而幼儿主要依赖于显着特征,成人依赖于类别信息。这些结果挑战了早期泛化的基于类别的帐户,同时支持基于相似性的帐户。
Young children can generalize from known to novel, but the underlying mechanism is still debated. Some argue that from an early age generalization is category-based and undergoes little development, while others believe that early generalization is similarity-based, and the use of categories emerges over time. The current research brings new evidence to the debate. In Experiment 1 (N = 118), we presented 4–5-year-olds and adults with a category learning task followed by an exemplar generation task. Then, in Experiment 2 (N = 126), we presented the same tasks but provided participants with additional conceptual information about the category members. Our results indicate that early reasoning undergoes dramatic development: whereas young children rely mostly on salient features, adults rely on category information. These results challenge category-based accounts of early generalization, while supporting similarity-based accounts.
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