Learning to bypass the central bottleneck: declining automaticity with advancing age.

Learning to bypass the central bottleneck: declining automaticity with advancing age.
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学习绕过核心瓶颈:随着年龄的增长,自动化程度下降。

DOI:
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发表时间:
2010
影响因子:
3.7
通讯作者:
L. Bherer
L. Bherer
中科院分区:
心理学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
F. Maquestiaux;Maude Laguë;E. Ruthruff;A. Hartley;L. Bherer

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年龄的增长是否会降低通过任务自动化绕过中心瓶颈的能力?为了回答这个问题,作者让12名老年人和20名年轻人在6个单任务阶段中首先学习执行一项听觉-声乐任务(低音与高音)。然后用心理不应期范式评估他们的双任务表现,其中高度练习的听觉-声音任务作为任务2,以及未经练习的视觉-手动任务1。越来越多的证据表明,双任务表现在年龄上存在质的差异:尽管绝大多数年轻人绕过了瓶颈,但12名老年人中最多只有1人能够做到这一点。老年人要么不愿意绕过瓶颈(作为一种策略问题),要么已经失去了自动执行任务的能力。
Does advancing age reduce the ability to bypass the central bottleneck through task automatization? To answer this question, the authors asked 12 older adults and 20 young adults to first learn to perform an auditory-vocal task (low vs. high pitch) in 6 single-task sessions. Their dual-task performance was then assessed with a psychological refractory period paradigm, in which the highly practiced auditory-vocal task was presented as Task 2, along with an unpracticed visual-manual Task 1. Converging evidence indicated qualitative differences in dual-task performance with age: Whereas the vast majority of young adults bypassed the bottleneck, at most 1 of the 12 older adults was able to do so. Older adults are either reluctant to bypass the bottleneck (as a matter of strategy) or have lost the ability to automatize task performance.
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