The flavonoid pathway regulates the petal colors of cotton flower.
The flavonoid pathway regulates the petal colors of cotton flower.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0072364
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Zhang X
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Tan J;Wang M;Tu L;Nie Y;Lin Y;Zhang X
虽然生物化学家和遗传学家已经研究了棉花花超过世纪，但对棉花花在开花后短暂的发育过程中发生戏剧性颜色变化的分子机制知之甚少。通过对世界棉花种质资源的分析，发现所有棉花品种的花在开花后都发生了颜色变化，但不同棉花品种的花瓣颜色差异较大，以奶油色、黄色和红色为主。遗传和生化分析表明，无论是最初的奶油色和红色，花后的颜色变化与黄酮含量有关。从开花到花后第一天，花色素苷含量和生物合成相关基因的表达量均呈上升趋势。结果表明，棉花花色变化和类黄酮生物合成受基因调控。此外，黄酮醇合成酶（FLS）基因参与黄酮醇的生物合成表现出特异性表达上午11时，当花完全开放。花色素还原酶（ANR）基因，这是负责原花色素的生物合成，表现出最高的表达在下午6时0 DPA，当花枯萎。光照对黄酮醇、花青苷和原花青苷的生物合成分别表现出初级、中等和轻微的影响。花色素苷的合成与花色变化有关，而黄酮醇的合成与光照有关。对野生型和黄烷酮3-羟化酶（F3 H）沉默株系花中类黄酮基因表达的进一步分析表明，棉花花色的发育受基因和光照之间复杂的互作控制。这些结果提供了新的信息黄酮代谢和花发育。
Although biochemists and geneticists have studied the cotton flower for more than one century, little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying the dramatic color change that occurs during its short developmental life following blooming. Through the analysis of world cotton germplasms, we found that all of the flowers underwent color changes post-anthesis, but there is a diverse array of petal colors among cotton species, with cream, yellow and red colors dominating the color scheme. Genetic and biochemical analyses indicated that both the original cream and red colors and the color changes post-anthesis were related to flavonoid content. The anthocyanin content and the expression of biosynthesis genes were both increased from blooming to one day post-anthesis (DPA) when the flower was withering and undergoing abscission. Our results indicated that the color changes and flavonoid biosynthesis of cotton flowers were precisely controlled and genetically regulated. In addition, flavonol synthase (FLS) genes involved in flavonol biosynthesis showed specific expression at 11 am when the flowers were fully opened. The anthocyanidin reductase (ANR) genes, which are responsible for proanthocyanidins biosynthesis, showed the highest expression at 6 pm on 0 DPA, when the flowers were withered. Light showed primary, moderate and little effects on flavonol, anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin biosynthesis, respectively. Flavonol biosynthesis was in response to light exposure, while anthocyanin biosynthesis was involved in flower color changes. Further expression analysis of flavonoid genes in flowers of wild type and a flavanone 3-hydroxylase (F3H) silenced line showed that the development of cotton flower color was controlled by a complex interaction between genes and light. These results present novel information regarding flavonoids metabolism and flower development.
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影响因子：
1.3
作者：
Casimero, V;Tsukuda, R;Fujisaki, K
通讯作者：
Fujisaki, K
影响因子：
11.6
作者：
MARTIN, C;GERATS, T
通讯作者：
GERATS, T
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
DELPH, LF;LIVELY, CM
通讯作者：
LIVELY, CM
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.96.22.12929
发表时间：
1999-10-26
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Burbulis, IE;Winkel-Shirley, B
通讯作者：
Winkel-Shirley, B
影响因子：
5.1
作者：
KOES, RE;SPELT, CE;MOL, JNM
通讯作者：
MOL, JNM