Meteorological Controls on Local and Regional Volcanic Ash Dispersal.

Meteorological Controls on Local and Regional Volcanic Ash Dispersal.
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DOI:
10.1038/s41598-018-24651-1
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发表时间:
2018-05-02
期刊:
影响因子:
4.6
通讯作者:
Pyle DM
Pyle DM
中科院分区:
综合性期刊3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Poulidis AP;Phillips JC;Renfrew IA;Barclay J;Hogg A;Jenkins SF;Robertson R;Pyle DM

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火山灰有能力影响人类健康、牲畜、农作物和基础设施,包括国际空中交通。对于最近的大规模喷发,有关火山灰羽流的信息已与分辨率相对较低的气象模型输出相结合,以提供区域火山灰散布的模拟,在数百公里范围内取得了相当的成功。然而,为了在当地预测和减轻这些影响,需要大大提高建模能力。在这里,我们提出了一个动态的气象灰扩散模型配置有足够的分辨率来代表当地的地形和对流强迫流的结果。我们专注于一个典型的火山环境,苏弗里耶尔,圣文森特,并使用1902年和1979年爆发的特殊历史记录来挑战我们的模拟。我们发现,圣文森特和附近岛屿上的灰沉积的演变和特点,可以准确地模拟时,与信风逆温和地形强迫流的风切变表示。风切变起着主要作用,地形流的地方到区域尺度上的灰分布的次要作用。我们提出了一个新的解释顺风灰沉积最大值,通常观察到火山爆发,由于详细的强迫灰羽的中尺度气象。
Volcanic ash has the capacity to impact human health, livestock, crops and infrastructure, including international air traffic. For recent major eruptions, information on the volcanic ash plume has been combined with relatively coarse-resolution meteorological model output to provide simulations of regional ash dispersal, with reasonable success on the scale of hundreds of kilometres. However, to predict and mitigate these impacts locally, significant improvements in modelling capability are required. Here, we present results from a dynamic meteorological-ash-dispersion model configured with sufficient resolution to represent local topographic and convectively-forced flows. We focus on an archetypal volcanic setting, Soufrière, St Vincent, and use the exceptional historical records of the 1902 and 1979 eruptions to challenge our simulations. We find that the evolution and characteristics of ash deposition on St Vincent and nearby islands can be accurately simulated when the wind shear associated with the trade wind inversion and topographically-forced flows are represented. The wind shear plays a primary role and topographic flows a secondary role on ash distribution on local to regional scales. We propose a new explanation for the downwind ash deposition maxima, commonly observed in volcanic eruptions, as resulting from the detailed forcing of mesoscale meteorology on the ash plume.
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