Evolution of adaptive immune recognition in jawless vertebrates.
Evolution of adaptive immune recognition in jawless vertebrates.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.smim.2009.12.002
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发表时间：
2010-02
影响因子：
7.8
通讯作者：
Amemiya CT
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Saha NR;Smith J;Amemiya CT
所有现存的脊椎动物都具有适应性免疫系统，其中在专门的血细胞谱系中产生和部署不同的免疫受体。DNA测序和基础脊椎动物发育资源的最新进展促进了许多比较分析，这些分析为免疫防御的分子和细胞基础以及“无颌”脊椎动物免疫受体多样化的机制提供了新的线索。有了这些关键物种的数据，推断脊椎动物适应性免疫早期进化的一些一般方面变得可能。所有有颌脊椎动物都是通过将不同的“多样性”片段组合重组成免疫球蛋白或T细胞受体基因来组装它们的抗原受体基因。然而，无颌脊椎动物采用类似的，但独立衍生的免疫受体集，以识别和结合抗原：可变淋巴细胞受体（VLR）。该基因座产生受体多样性并实现抗原特异性的手段引起了相当大的兴趣，因为这些机制代表了用于构建大的免疫库的完全独立的策略。因此，VLR系统的研究提供了深入了解适应性免疫识别系统的基本原理和进化潜力。在这里，我们回顾并综合了为了解无颌脊椎动物适应性免疫系统的进化而产生的大量数据。
All extant vertebrates possess an adaptive immune system wherein diverse immune receptors are created and deployed in specialized blood cell lineages. Recent advances in DNA sequencing and developmental resources for basal vertebrates have facilitated numerous comparative analyses that have shed new light on the molecular and cellular bases of immune defense and the mechanisms of immune receptor diversification in the “jawless” vertebrates. With data from these key species in hand, it is becoming possible to infer some general aspects of the early evolution of vertebrate adaptive immunity. All jawed vertebrates assemble their antigen-receptor genes through combinatorial recombination of different “diversity” segments into immunoglobulin or T-cell receptor genes. However, the jawless vertebrates employ an analogous, but independently-derived set of immune receptors in order to recognize and bind antigens: the variable lymphocyte receptors (VLRs). The means by which this locus generates receptor diversity and achieves antigen specificity is of considerable interest because these mechanisms represent a completely independent strategy for building a large immune repertoire. Therefore, studies of the VLR system are providing insight into the fundamental principles and evolutionary potential of adaptive immune recognition systems. Here we review and synthesize the wealth of data that have been generated towards understanding the evolution of the adaptive immune system in the jawless vertebrates.
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