A Chromosome-Length Assembly of the Hawaiian Monk Seal (Neomonachus schauinslandi): A History of "Genetic Purging" and Genomic Stability.
A Chromosome-Length Assembly of the Hawaiian Monk Seal (Neomonachus schauinslandi): A History of "Genetic Purging" and Genomic Stability.
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夏威夷僧海豹（Hawaiian Monk Seal，HMS）是唯一现存的热带无耳海豹，属于Neomonachus属。该物种在世纪后期经历了严重的瓶颈，并经历了随后的人口下降，直到1976年开始成为NOAA领导的物种恢复工作的主题，当时人口不到1000只动物。像其他正在恢复的物种一样，夏威夷僧海豹由于瓶颈和随后的近亲繁殖而减少了遗传异质性。在这里，我们报告了一个染色体参考大会的雄性动物使用各种方法。最后的组装体由16个常染色体、一个X染色体和部分Y染色体组成。我们将这只动物的变异与其他HMS和一个经常测序的人类样本进行了比较，证实了在人类中观察到的变异约为12%。为了证实参考动物是HMS的代表，我们将他的序列与其他10个个体的序列进行了比较，发现所有个体的变异都很低。在主要组织相容性（MHC）基因的变异几乎不存在相比，orthopathic人的基因座。人口统计学分析预测，夏威夷僧海豹在瓶颈之前有着很长的小种群历史，它们目前的低杂合性水平可能表明它们在稳定的环境中进行了专门化。当我们比较我们的参考组件与其他物种，我们观察到显着的保守性染色体结构与其他鳍足类，特别是其他phocids。这个参考应该是一个有用的工具，为未来的进化研究，以及长期管理这个物种。
The Hawaiian monk seal (HMS) is the single extant species of tropical earless seals of the genus Neomonachus. The species survived a severe bottleneck in the late 19th century and experienced subsequent population declines until becoming the subject of a NOAA-led species recovery effort beginning in 1976 when the population was fewer than 1000 animals. Like other recovering species, the Hawaiian monk seal has been reported to have reduced genetic heterogeneity due to the bottleneck and subsequent inbreeding. Here, we report a chromosomal reference assembly for a male animal produced using a variety of methods. The final assembly consisted of 16 autosomes, an X, and portions of the Y chromosomes. We compared variants in this animal to other HMS and to a frequently sequenced human sample, confirming about 12% of the variation seen in man. To confirm that the reference animal was representative of the HMS, we compared his sequence to that of 10 other individuals and noted similarly low variation in all. Variation in the major histocompatibility (MHC) genes was nearly absent compared to the orthologous human loci. Demographic analysis predicts that Hawaiian monk seals have had a long history of small populations preceding the bottleneck, and their current low levels of heterozygosity may indicate specialization to a stable environment. When we compared our reference assembly to that of other species, we observed significant conservation of chromosomal architecture with other pinnipeds, especially other phocids. This reference should be a useful tool for future evolutionary studies as well as the long-term management of this species.
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2.7
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Cabanettes F;Klopp C
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