A broader phenotype of persistence emerges from individual differences in response to extinction.
A broader phenotype of persistence emerges from individual differences in response to extinction.
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DOI：
10.3758/s13423-017-1402-9
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发表时间：
2018-10
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Matzel LD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sauce B;Wass C;Lewis M;Matzel LD
在灭绝期间平均群体表现的典型做法给人的印象是，对被遗漏的奖励的反应逐渐而均匀地下降。然而，之前关于人类婴儿灭绝的研究发现，一些人坚持做出反应，而另一些人突然停止反应。正如控制理论预测的那样，当预期的奖励被省略时，迅速辞职的婴儿通常会表现出悲伤和绝望的迹象。利用遗传多样性的小鼠，我们在这里观察到了类似的个体差异和相关表型的模式。在学会接近食物奖励后，一旦灭绝，一些动物会迅速放弃接近目标框，而另一些动物则坚持进入并搜索目标框。这两类小鼠的平均表现显示出一条平滑的、逐渐消失的曲线，尽管平均表现附近的方差显著增加，显示出缺乏同质性。有趣的是，当被限制在不可避免的水池中(这项测试被断言表明易患抑郁症)时，坚持不懈的小鼠“放弃”的速度更慢，并且表现出更广泛的寻找遗漏奖励的模式。因此，消退显示了持续性的连续体，其中较低的值可能反映出对压力的负面影响的易感性，并可能使个人倾向于抑郁。
The typical practice of averaging group performance during extinction gives the impression that responding for an omitted reward declines gradually and homogeneously. However, previous studies of extinction in human infants have found that some individuals persist in responding while others abruptly cease responding. As predicted by theories on control, the infants who quickly resign typically display signs of sadness and despair when the expected reward is omitted. Using genetically diverse mice, here we observed a similar pattern of individual differences and associated phenotypes. After learning to approach a food reward, upon extinction, some animals rapidly abandoned approach to the goal box, while other animals persisted in entering and searching the goal box. The average performance of these two classes of mice suggested a smooth, gradual extinction curve, although a lack of homogeneity was revealed by a significant increase in variance around mean performance. Interestingly, the persistent mice were slower to “give up” when confined to an inescapable pool of water (a test asserted to be indicative of susceptibility to depression) and exhibited a more extensive pattern of search for omitted rewards. Thus, extinction reveals continuum in persistence, where low values might reflect a susceptibility to the negative effects of stress and might predispose the individuals to depression.
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影响因子：
2.7
作者：
Matzel, Louis D.;Townsend, David A.;Kolata, Stefan
通讯作者：
Kolata, Stefan
影响因子：
2.7
作者：
Sauce, Bruno;Wass, Christopher;Matzel, Louis D.
通讯作者：
Matzel, Louis D.
影响因子：
2.7
作者：
Light, Kenneth R.;Kolata, Stefan;Matzel, Louis D.
通讯作者：
Matzel, Louis D.
影响因子：
2.3
作者：
Quinn, EP;Brandon, TH;Copeland, AL
通讯作者：
Copeland, AL
影响因子：
3
作者：
Kolata, Stefan;Light, Kenneth;Matzel, Louis D.
通讯作者：
Matzel, Louis D.