Giardia's primitive GPL biosynthesis pathways with parasitic adaptation 'patches': implications for Giardia's evolutionary history and for finding targets against Giardiasis.
Giardia's primitive GPL biosynthesis pathways with parasitic adaptation 'patches': implications for Giardia's evolutionary history and for finding targets against Giardiasis.
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贾第虫原始 GPL 生物合成途径与寄生适应“补丁”对贾第虫进化史的影响
DOI：
10.1038/s41598-017-10054-1
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发表时间：
2017-08-25
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Wen J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ye Q;Tian H;Chen B;Shao J;Qin Y;Wen J
贾第虫是一种在世界范围内传播的原生动物寄生虫，寄生在脊椎动物的小肠中，引起贾第虫病。多年来，关于它是一种极其原始的真核生物还是一种高度进化的寄生虫的争论已经成为它作为进化和寄生虫学研究模型的束缚。甘油磷脂（GPL）的合成是一个保守的基本细胞过程，因此可能保留了一些反映其进化地位的原始特征，这一过程也应该经历了寄生适应，以适应贾第虫的饮食脂质丰富的环境。因此，GPL合成途径可能是研究贾第虫争议的完美对象。在这里，我们首先通过重新鉴定一组可靠的GPL合成基因/酶来澄清贾第虫以前令人困惑的GPL合成。然后使用系统发育和比较基因组分析，我们发现，这些途径原来是进化上的原始的，但有许多次级寄生适应“补丁”，包括基因丢失，快速进化，产品搬迁，和水平基因转移。因此，现代贾第虫应该是一个马赛克的“初级寄生性”和“次级寄生适应性”，并作出区分这两类功能将重新启动真核生物的进化和寄生适应性的研究使用贾第虫作为一个模式系统。
Giardia is a worldwide spread protozoan parasite colonizing in small intestines of vertebrates, causing Giardiasis. The controversy about whether it is an extremely primitive eukaryote or just a highly evolved parasite has become a fetter to its uses as a model for both evolutionary and parasitological studies for years. Glycerophospholipid (GPL) synthesis is a conserved essential cellular process, and thus may retain some original features reflecting its evolutionary position, and this process should also have undergone parasitic adaptation to suit Giardia’s dietary lipid-rich environment. Thus, GPL synthesis pathways may be a perfect object to examine the controversy over Giardia. Here, we first clarified Giardia’s previously confusing GPL synthesis by re-identifying a reliable set of GPL synthesis genes/enzymes. Then using phylogenetic and comparative genomic analyses, we revealed that these pathways turn out to be evolutionarily primitive ones, but with many secondary parasitic adaptation ‘patches’ including gene loss, rapid evolution, product relocation, and horizontal gene transfer. Therefore, modern Giardia should be a mosaic of ‘primary primitivity’ and ‘secondary parasitic adaptability’, and to make a distinction between the two categories of features would restart the studies of eukaryotic evolution and parasitic adaptation using Giardia as a model system.
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影响因子：
9.6
作者：
Das, S;Castillo, C;Stevens, T
通讯作者：
Stevens, T
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0604985103
发表时间：
2006-08-29
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Margulis, Lynn;Chapman, Michael;Hall, John
通讯作者：
Hall, John
影响因子：
4
作者：
Gourguechon, Stephane;Holt, Liam J.;Cande, W. Zacheus
通讯作者：
Cande, W. Zacheus
影响因子：
1.5
作者：
JARROLL, EL;MULLER, PJ;MORSE, SA
通讯作者：
MORSE, SA
影响因子：
56.9
作者：
Morrison, Hilary G.;McArthur, Andrew G.;Sogin, Mitchell L.
通讯作者：
Sogin, Mitchell L.