Population genomics of wild Chinese rhesus macaques reveals a dynamic demographic history and local adaptation, with implications for biomedical research.

Population genomics of wild Chinese rhesus macaques reveals a dynamic demographic history and local adaptation, with implications for biomedical research.
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野生中国恒河猴的种群基因组学揭示了动态的种群历史和局部适应,对生物医学研究具有重要意义

DOI:
10.1093/gigascience/giy106
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发表时间:
2018-09-01
期刊:
影响因子:
9.2
通讯作者:
Li M
Li M
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Liu Z;Tan X;Orozco-terWengel P;Zhou X;Zhang L;Tian S;Yan Z;Xu H;Ren B;Zhang P;Xiang Z;Sun B;Roos C;Bruford MW;Li M

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摘要背景恒河猴(RM,Macacamulatta)是生物医学研究中最重要的非人灵长类动物模型。我们提出了第一个野生RM的基因组调查,测序81个地理参考个人的5个亚种在中国的17个地点,物种的自然分布的很大一部分。结果中国大陆和海南岛的种群可划分为5个遗传谱系,概括了目前的亚种命名。据估计,这些亚种在12.58万年至5.13万年前已经分化,但最近的基因流动。与在寒冷气候中体型较大,在温暖气候中体型较小的预期(伯格曼法则)一致,最北的RM谱系(M。M. tcheliensis),在中国所有的RMs中体型最大; M.短尾鳄(brevicaudus)是所有中国RM中体型最小的,其特征是负责骨骼发育的正选择基因。此外,在M. M. tcheliensis参与了葡萄糖生成,当冬季食物资源稀缺时,在饥饿期间可能维持稳定的血糖水平。热带亚种M. M. brevicaudus显示积极选择的基因相关的心血管功能和对温度刺激的反应,可能参与热带适应。我们发现118个单核苷酸多态性与人类致病变异相匹配,其中82个是亚种特异性的。结论这些数据为生物医学实验中RM的选择提供了参考。中国RM的人口统计学史和他们的本地适应史为他们的进化提供了新的见解,并为生物医学调查提供了有价值的基线信息。
Abstract Background The rhesus macaque (RM, Macaca mulatta) is the most important nonhuman primate model in biomedical research. We present the first genomic survey of wild RMs, sequencing 81 geo-referenced individuals of five subspecies from 17 locations in China, a large fraction of the species’ natural distribution. Results Populations were structured into five genetic lineages on the mainland and Hainan Island, recapitulating current subspecies designations. These subspecies are estimated to have diverged 125.8 to 51.3 thousand years ago, but feature recent gene flow. Consistent with the expectation of a larger body size in colder climates and smaller body size in warmer climates (Bergman's rule), the northernmost RM lineage (M. m. tcheliensis), possessing the largest body size of all Chinese RMs, and the southernmost lineage (M. m. brevicaudus), with the smallest body size of all Chinese RMs, feature positively selected genes responsible for skeletal development. Further, two candidate selected genes (Fbp1, Fbp2) found in M. m. tcheliensis are involved in gluconeogenesis, potentially maintaining stable blood glucose levels during starvation when food resources are scarce in winter. The tropical subspecies M. m. brevicaudus showed positively selected genes related to cardiovascular function and response to temperature stimuli, potentially involved in tropical adaptation. We found 118 single-nucleotide polymorphisms matching human disease-causing variants with 82 being subspecies specific. Conclusions These data provide a resource for selection of RMs in biomedical experiments. The demographic history of Chinese RMs and their history of local adaption offer new insights into their evolution and provide valuable baseline information for biomedical investigation.
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