The impact of highly compact algorithmic redistricting on the rural-versus-urban balance

The impact of highly compact algorithmic redistricting on the rural-versus-urban balance
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高度紧凑的算法重新划分对农村与城市平衡的影响

DOI:
10.1145/3397536.3422249
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发表时间:
2020
期刊:
Proceedings of the 28th International Conference on Advances in Geographic Information Systems
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Klein, Philip N.
Klein, Philip N.
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Wheeler, Archer;Klein, Philip N.

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人们普遍认为,在美国国会和州议会选举中,农村选民比城市选民具有先天的政治优势。我们研究这个假设,使用一个理想化的重新划分方法,平衡质心功率图,实现基本上完美的人口平衡,同时优化紧凑的原则措施。我们发现,使用这种方法,农村或城市选民具有政治优势的程度取决于地区的数量和城市地区的人口密度。此外,我们发现,在任何情况下,政治优势往往大大低于真实的世界中使用的地区计划,包括由假定中立的政党,如法院制定的地区计划。一个可能的解释是由以下发现提出的:修改质心功率图,以更好地放置边界沿着城市边界显着增加了农村选民的优势,城市选民。
It is commonly believed that, in congressional and state legislature elections in the United States, rural voters have an inherent political advantage over urban voters. We study this hypothesis using an idealized redistricting method, balanced centroidal power diagrams, that achieves essentially perfect population balance while optimizing a principled measure of compactness. We find that, using this method, the degree to which rural or urban voters have a political advantage depends on the number of districts and the population density of urban areas. Moreover, we find that the political advantage in any case tends to be dramatically less than that afforded by district plans used in the real world, including district plans drawn by presumably neutral parties such as the courts. One possible explanation is suggested by the following discovery: modifying centroidal power diagrams to prefer placing boundaries along city boundaries significantly increases the advantage rural voters have over urban voters.
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