Human tongue neuroanatomy: Nerve supply and motor endplates.
Human tongue neuroanatomy: Nerve supply and motor endplates.
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DOI：
10.1002/ca.21011
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发表时间：
2010-10
期刊：
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Sanders, Ira
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mu, Liancai;Sanders, Ira
关键词：
tongueinnervationhypoglossal nervelingual nervemotor endplatesSihler's stainacetylcholinesterase stainingsilver stainneuromuscular compartmentsspeechswallowingbreathinggenioglossus musclesuperior longitudinal muscleinferior longitudinal musclestyloglossus musclehyoglossus musclevertical muscletransverse musclepalatoglossus muscle
人类的舌头在说话、吞咽和呼吸中起着至关重要的作用，然而，人们对它的运动控制知之甚少。基本间隙包括关于舌下神经(XII)在舌内的走行、XII神经在每条舌肌中的分支以及每条肌肉中运动终板(MEP)的类型和排列的详细信息。在本研究中，用Sihler‘s染色技术对5个成人舌头进行了处理，以显示XII神经及其分支的整个舌内行程。另外5个标本被显微解剖成单独的肌肉，用乙酰胆碱酯酶和银染色法研究它们的MEP形态和带型。使用这些技术，从主神经到最小的肌内分支，绘制了整个XII神经的走行。研究发现，人舌的神经分布极为密集和复杂。虽然XII的基本哺乳动物模式在人类中是保守的，但有显著的差异。此外，许多肌纤维含有多个ENGRAPE MEP，表明它们是高度特化的慢张肌纤维类型的某种变体。构成舌核心的横肌群似乎具有最复杂的神经支配，并具有最高的MEP百分比。总而言之，人类舌头的神经支配在其他哺乳动物的舌头中没有报道过，包括非人类灵长类。这些专业化似乎允许对舌形进行精细的运动控制。
The human tongue has a critical role in speech, swallowing, and respiration, however, its motor control is poorly understood. Fundamental gaps include detailed information on the course of the hypoglossal (XII) nerve within the tongue, the branches of the XII nerve within each tongue muscle, and the type and arrangement of motor endplates (MEP) within each muscle. In this study, five adult human tongues were processed with Sihler’s stain, a whole-mount nerve staining technique, to map out the entire intra-lingual course of the XII nerve and its branches. An additional five specimens were microdissected into individual muscles and stained with acetylcholinesterase and silver staining to study their MEP morphology and banding patterns. Using these techniques the course of the entire XII nerve was mapped from the main nerve to the smallest intramuscular branches. It was found that the human tongue innervation is extremely dense and complex. Although the basic mammalian pattern of XII is conserved in humans, there are notable differences. In addition, many muscle fibers contained multiple en grappe MEP, suggesting that they are some variant of the highly specialized slow tonic muscle fiber type. The transverse muscle group that comprises the core of the tongue appears to have the most complex innervation and has the highest percentage of en grappe MEP. In summary, the innervation of the human tongue has specializations not reported in other mammalian tongues, including non-human primates. These specializations appear to allow for fine motor control of tongue shape.
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1096-3642.1985.tb01178.x
发表时间：
1985-01-01
影响因子：
2.8
作者：
KIER, WM;SMITH, KK
通讯作者：
SMITH, KK
影响因子：
56.9
作者：
KAO, I;DRACHMAN, DB;PRICE, DL
通讯作者：
PRICE, DL
影响因子：
--
作者：
Mu, LC;Sanders, I
通讯作者：
Sanders, I
影响因子：
5.5
作者：
HESS, A;PILAR, G
通讯作者：
PILAR, G
Sihler 的整体神经染色技术：回顾。
影响因子：
1.6
作者：
Mu, L.;Sanders, I.
通讯作者：
Sanders, I.