Crop pests and predators exhibit inconsistent responses to surrounding landscape composition.
Crop pests and predators exhibit inconsistent responses to surrounding landscape composition.
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1800042115
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发表时间：
2018-08-14
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Zou Y
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Karp DS;Chaplin-Kramer R;Meehan TD;Martin EA;DeClerck F;Grab H;Gratton C;Hunt L;Larsen AE;Martínez-Salinas A;O'Rourke ME;Rusch A;Poveda K;Jonsson M;Rosenheim JA;Schellhorn NA;Tscharntke T;Wratten SD;Zhang W;Iverson AL;Adler LS;Albrecht M;Alignier A;Angelella GM;Zubair Anjum M;Avelino J;Batáry P;Baveco JM;Bianchi FJJA;Birkhofer K;Bohnenblust EW;Bommarco R;Brewer MJ;Caballero-López B;Carrière Y;Carvalheiro LG;Cayuela L;Centrella M;Ćetković A;Henri DC;Chabert A;Costamagna AC;De la Mora A;de Kraker J;Desneux N;Diehl E;Diekötter T;Dormann CF;Eckberg JO;Entling MH;Fiedler D;Franck P;Frank van Veen FJ;Frank T;Gagic V;Garratt MPD;Getachew A;Gonthier DJ;Goodell PB;Graziosi I;Groves RL;Gurr GM;Hajian-Forooshani Z;Heimpel GE;Herrmann JD;Huseth AS;Inclán DJ;Ingrao AJ;Iv P;Jacot K;Johnson GA;Jones L;Kaiser M;Kaser JM;Keasar T;Kim TN;Kishinevsky M;Landis DA;Lavandero B;Lavigne C;Le Ralec A;Lemessa D;Letourneau DK;Liere H;Lu Y;Lubin Y;Luttermoser T;Maas B;Mace K;Madeira F;Mader V;Cortesero AM;Marini L;Martinez E;Martinson HM;Menozzi P;Mitchell MGE;Miyashita T;Molina GAR;Molina-Montenegro MA;O'Neal ME;Opatovsky I;Ortiz-Martinez S;Nash M;Östman Ö;Ouin A;Pak D;Paredes D;Parsa S;Parry H;Perez-Alvarez R;Perović DJ;Peterson JA;Petit S;Philpott SM;Plantegenest M;Plećaš M;Pluess T;Pons X;Potts SG;Pywell RF;Ragsdale DW;Rand TA;Raymond L;Ricci B;Sargent C;Sarthou JP;Saulais J;Schäckermann J;Schmidt NP;Schneider G;Schüepp C;Sivakoff FS;Smith HG;Stack Whitney K;Stutz S;Szendrei Z;Takada MB;Taki H;Tamburini G;Thomson LJ;Tricault Y;Tsafack N;Tschumi M;Valantin-Morison M;Van Trinh M;van der Werf W;Vierling KT;Werling BP;Wickens JB;Wickens VJ;Woodcock BA;Wyckhuys K;Xiao H;Yasuda M;Yoshioka A;Zou Y
几十年的研究支持了现在流行的假设，即非作物栖息地通过为作物害虫的捕食者和寄生蜂提供庇护所和食物资源，有助于更好地抑制害虫。根据我们对同类最大的害虫控制数据库的分析，农田周围的非作物生境确实会影响害虫控制的多个维度，但害虫和敌人的实际反应在不同的地理位置和种植制度下是高度不同的。由于非农作物栖息地通常不能加强生物控制，在将栖息地保护推荐为可行的害虫抑制策略之前，需要更多关于当地农业环境的信息。因此，当病虫害防治不能从非作物植被中受益时，需要仔细地对农场进行管理，以实现相互竞争的保护和生产目标。非作物栖息地加强病虫害控制并代表着保护生物多样性和提高产量的双赢机会的想法已经成为一种农业生态范式。然而，尽管农场周围景观中的非作物栖息地有时有利于害虫捕食者，但天敌的反应在研究中仍然是不同的，对害虫的影响尚不确定。观察到的物种对非作物生境反应的异质性可能是源于生物学的，也可能是由于衡量生境和生物控制的方式的差异造成的。在这里，我们使用一个包含132项研究和全球6759个地点的虫害控制数据库来模拟天敌和害虫的丰度、捕食率和作物损害作为景观组成的函数。我们的结果表明，尽管景观组成解释了研究中的显著差异，但害虫和敌人的丰度、捕食率、作物危害和产量在不同研究中表现出不同的反应，在非作物栖息地较多的景观中有时增加，有时减少，但总体上没有表现出一致的趋势。因此，使用景观组成变量来预测害虫控制动态的模型显示出几乎不可能解释不同研究之间的差异，尽管预测在与类似作物和景观特征的研究相比较时确实有所改善。总体而言，我们的工作表明，周围的非农作物栖息地并不能持续改善害虫的管理，这意味着栖息地保护可能会提高某些系统的产量，而降低另一些系统的产量。未来开发工具告知农民何时栖息地保护真正代表着双赢的努力，将受益于更多地了解当地农场管理以及害虫及其敌人的生物学如何调节景观效应。
Decades of research have fostered the now-prevalent assumption that noncrop habitat facilitates better pest suppression by providing shelter and food resources to the predators and parasitoids of crop pests. Based on our analysis of the largest pest-control database of its kind, noncrop habitat surrounding farm fields does affect multiple dimensions of pest control, but the actual responses of pests and enemies are highly variable across geographies and cropping systems. Because noncrop habitat often does not enhance biological control, more information about local farming contexts is needed before habitat conservation can be recommended as a viable pest-suppression strategy. Consequently, when pest control does not benefit from noncrop vegetation, farms will need to be carefully comanaged for competing conservation and production objectives. The idea that noncrop habitat enhances pest control and represents a win–win opportunity to conserve biodiversity and bolster yields has emerged as an agroecological paradigm. However, while noncrop habitat in landscapes surrounding farms sometimes benefits pest predators, natural enemy responses remain heterogeneous across studies and effects on pests are inconclusive. The observed heterogeneity in species responses to noncrop habitat may be biological in origin or could result from variation in how habitat and biocontrol are measured. Here, we use a pest-control database encompassing 132 studies and 6,759 sites worldwide to model natural enemy and pest abundances, predation rates, and crop damage as a function of landscape composition. Our results showed that although landscape composition explained significant variation within studies, pest and enemy abundances, predation rates, crop damage, and yields each exhibited different responses across studies, sometimes increasing and sometimes decreasing in landscapes with more noncrop habitat but overall showing no consistent trend. Thus, models that used landscape-composition variables to predict pest-control dynamics demonstrated little potential to explain variation across studies, though prediction did improve when comparing studies with similar crop and landscape features. Overall, our work shows that surrounding noncrop habitat does not consistently improve pest management, meaning habitat conservation may bolster production in some systems and depress yields in others. Future efforts to develop tools that inform farmers when habitat conservation truly represents a win–win would benefit from increased understanding of how landscape effects are modulated by local farm management and the biology of pests and their enemies.
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