Comparison of blood and brain mercury levels in infant monkeys exposed to methylmercury or vaccines containing thimerosal.
Comparison of blood and brain mercury levels in infant monkeys exposed to methylmercury or vaccines containing thimerosal.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1289/ehp.7712
复制
发表时间：
2005-08
影响因子：
10.4
通讯作者：
Clarkson T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Burbacher TM;Shen DD;Liberato N;Grant KS;Cernichiari E;Clarkson T
硫柳汞是一种防腐剂，自20世纪30年代以来一直用于生产疫苗。报告表明，婴儿可以获得等于或高于美国环境保护局关于甲基汞暴露的指南的乙基汞(以硫柳汞的形式)，这取决于准确的疫苗接种、时间表和婴儿的大小。在这项研究中，我们比较了硫柳汞暴露和甲基汞暴露后幼猴体内总汞和无机汞的系统处置和脑分布。猴子在出生时以及1、2和3周龄时暴露于甲基汞(通过口服)或含有硫柳汞的疫苗(通过肌肉注射)。在每次暴露后2天、4天和7天测定总血汞水平。在最后一次暴露后2、4、7或28天评估总和无机脑汞水平。硫柳汞暴露后血中汞的初始半衰期为2.1天，末期半衰期为8.6天，显著短于甲基汞暴露后21.5天的消除半衰期。与甲基汞婴儿相比，接触硫柳汞的猴子的大脑总汞浓度显著降低约3倍，而接触硫柳汞的猴子的平均脑/血浓度比略高(3.5±0.5比2.5±0.3)。在接触硫柳汞的猴子中，大脑中以无机汞形式存在的汞所占比例更高(34%比7%)。结果表明，甲基汞不是硫柳汞暴露风险评估的合适参考。需要了解硫柳汞的毒代动力学和发育毒性，才能对含硫柳汞疫苗的发育效果进行有意义的评估。
Thimerosal is a preservative that has been used in manufacturing vaccines since the 1930s. Reports have indicated that infants can receive ethylmercury (in the form of thimerosal) at or above the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency guidelines for methylmercury exposure, depending on the exact vaccinations, schedule, and size of the infant. In this study we compared the systemic disposition and brain distribution of total and inorganic mercury in infant monkeys after thimerosal exposure with those exposed to MeHg. Monkeys were exposed to MeHg (via oral gavage) or vaccines containing thimerosal (via intramuscular injection) at birth and 1, 2, and 3 weeks of age. Total blood Hg levels were determined 2, 4, and 7 days after each exposure. Total and inorganic brain Hg levels were assessed 2, 4, 7, or 28 days after the last exposure. The initial and terminal half-life of Hg in blood after thimerosal exposure was 2.1 and 8.6 days, respectively, which are significantly shorter than the elimination half-life of Hg after MeHg exposure at 21.5 days. Brain concentrations of total Hg were significantly lower by approximately 3-fold for the thimerosal-exposed monkeys when compared with the MeHg infants, whereas the average brain-to-blood concentration ratio was slightly higher for the thimerosal-exposed monkeys (3.5 ± 0.5 vs. 2.5 ± 0.3). A higher percentage of the total Hg in the brain was in the form of inorganic Hg for the thimerosal-exposed monkeys (34% vs. 7%). The results indicate that MeHg is not a suitable reference for risk assessment from exposure to thimerosal-derived Hg. Knowledge of the toxicokinetics and developmental toxicity of thimerosal is needed to afford a meaningful assessment of the developmental effects of thimerosal-containing vaccines.
登录
查看更多内容
影响因子：
8
作者：
Biroscak, BJ;Fiore, AE;Stoltman, G
通讯作者：
Stoltman, G
影响因子：
4
作者：
BURBACHER, TM;GRANT, KS;MOTTET, NK
通讯作者：
MOTTET, NK
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
GREENWOOD, MR;DHAHIR, P;KHAYAT, A
通讯作者：
KHAYAT, A
影响因子：
5.5
作者：
Knezevic, I;Griffiths, E;Dobbelaer, R
通讯作者：
Dobbelaer, R
影响因子：
3.8
作者：
CHARLESTON, JS;BOLENDER, RP;BURBACHER, TM
通讯作者：
BURBACHER, TM