A diversity of uncharacterized reverse transcriptases in bacteria.

A diversity of uncharacterized reverse transcriptases in bacteria.
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DOI:
10.1093/nar/gkn867
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发表时间:
2008-12
影响因子:
14.9
通讯作者:
Zimmerly S
Zimmerly S
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Simon DM;Zimmerly S

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由于真核生物基因组中存在大量的逆转录因子,因此逆转录因子通常被认为是真核生物的逆转录因子。相比之下,逆转录酶(RTs)在细菌中很少见,只有三个特征类别:反转录子,II组内含子和多样性生成逆转录元件(DGRs)。在这里,我们提出了一个生物信息学调查的结果,旨在确定跨真细菌,古细菌和噬菌体基因组的RT景观。我们确定并分类1021个RT,其中大多数是II组内含子(73%)。令人惊讶的是,过多的新的RT被发现,不属于特征类。RT具有11个结构域架构,并且基于序列相似性、系统发育分析和开放阅读框架结构域结构被分为20组。有趣的是,第II组内含子是唯一的细菌RT表现出独立的流动性的明确证据,而其他五组具有推定的功能,在防御噬菌体感染或促进噬菌体感染。这些例子表明,其他有益的功能将被发现之间的非特征性的RT。这项研究为这些高度多样化的序列的实验表征奠定了基础,并对retroelements的进化产生了影响。
Retroelements are usually considered to be eukaryotic elements because of the large number and variety in eukaryotic genomes. By comparison, reverse transcriptases (RTs) are rare in bacteria, with only three characterized classes: retrons, group II introns and diversity-generating retroelements (DGRs). Here, we present the results of a bioinformatic survey that aims to define the landscape of RTs across eubacterial, archaeal and phage genomes. We identify and categorize 1021 RTs, of which the majority are group II introns (73%). Surprisingly, a plethora of novel RTs are found that do not belong to characterized classes. The RTs have 11 domain architectures and are classified into 20 groupings based on sequence similarity, phylogenetic analyses and open reading frame domain structures. Interestingly, group II introns are the only bacterial RTs to exhibit clear evidence for independent mobility, while five other groups have putative functions in defense against phage infection or promotion of phage infection. These examples suggest that additional beneficial functions will be discovered among uncharacterized RTs. The study lays the groundwork for experimental characterization of these highly diverse sequences and has implications for the evolution of retroelements.
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