Effects of aerobic fitness on aging-related changes of interhemispheric inhibition and motor performance.
Effects of aerobic fitness on aging-related changes of interhemispheric inhibition and motor performance.
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DOI：
10.3389/fnagi.2013.00066
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发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Butler AJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
McGregor KM;Nocera JR;Sudhyadhom A;Patten C;Manini TM;Kleim JA;Crosson B;Butler AJ
随着年龄的增长，身体健康长期以来一直与运动表现的维持和改善相关。特别是，与久坐的老年人相比，身体健康的老年人的精神运动速度和运动灵活性往往更高。使用功能磁共振成像（fMRI）和经颅磁刺激（TMS），我们探索了神经活动模式，这可能在一定程度上解释了不同身体健康水平的个体之间的差异。在这项研究中，我们招募了久坐且身体健康的中年（40-60）和年轻（18-30）成年人，并在行为测试中测量了上肢运动表现。在后续会议中，我们采用 TMS 和功能磁共振成像来评估单手任务期间大脑半球间的沟通水平。结果表明，身体素质的提高与中年成年人远端灵活性评估中更好的上肢运动表现以及大脑半球间抑制水平的提高有关。此外，同侧活动变化的功能相关性似乎仅限于衰老过程，因为不同健康水平的年轻人在活动或运动表现的半球模式上没有差异。我们得出的结论是，久坐的衰老会导致大脑半球间抑制的丧失，这对运动功能的某些方面有害，早在中年，但这些变化可以通过长期从事有氧运动来介导。
Physical fitness has been long associated with maintenance and improvement of motor performance as we age. In particular, measures of psychomotor speed and motor dexterity tend to be higher in physically fit aging adults as compared to their sedentary counterparts. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), we explored the patterns of neural activity that may, in part, account for differences between individuals of varying physical fitness levels. In this study, we enrolled both sedentary and physically fit middle age (40–60) and younger (18–30) adults and measured upper extremity motor performance during behavioral testing. In a follow-up session, we employed TMS and fMRI to assess levels of interhemispheric communication during unimanual tasks. Results show that increased physical fitness is associated with better upper extremity motor performance on distal dexterity assessments and increased levels of interhemispheric inhibition in middle age adults. Further, the functional correlates of changes of ipsilateral activity appears to be restricted to the aging process as younger adults of varying fitness levels do not differ in hemispheric patterns of activity or motor performance. We conclude that sedentary aging confers a loss of interhemispheric inhibition that is deleterious to some aspects of motor function, as early as midlife, but these changes can be mediated by chronic engagement in aerobic exercise.
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