High-performance microbial opsins for spatially and temporally precise perturbations of large neuronal networks.

High-performance microbial opsins for spatially and temporally precise perturbations of large neuronal networks.
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大型神经网络的空间和时间精确扰动的高性能微生物视蛋白。

DOI:
10.1016/j.neuron.2022.01.008
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发表时间:
2022-04-06
期刊:
影响因子:
16.2
通讯作者:
Adesnik H
Adesnik H
中科院分区:
医学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Sridharan S;Gajowa MA;Ogando MB;Jagadisan UK;Abdeladim L;Sadahiro M;Bounds HA;Hendricks WD;Turney TS;Tayler I;Gopakumar K;Oldenburg IA;Brohawn SG;Adesnik H

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现有光遗传学工具的生物物理性质限制了精确光遗传学控制的规模、速度和保真度。在这里,我们使用结构指导的诱变工程视蛋白,表现出非常高的效力,同时保持快速动力学。这些新的视蛋白能够大规模地、在时间和空间上精确地控制群体神经活动。我们广泛地基准这些新的视蛋白对现有的光遗传学工具,并提供了一个详细的生物物理特性的不同家庭的视蛋白在双光子照明。这建立了用于将最佳视蛋白与图案化光遗传学实验的目标和约束相匹配的资源。最后,通过将这些新的视蛋白与全息光刺激的优化程序相结合,我们证明了数百个空间定义的神经元与单个全息图的同时共激活,并且通过以快速的速度在时间上交错全息图,几乎使该数量增加了一倍。这些新工程化的视蛋白实质上扩展了图案化照明光遗传学范例用于解决神经回路和行为的能力。使用结构导向设计,作者开发了第二代基于ChromE的阳离子通道视紫红质,其在保持快速动力学的同时表现出极高的效力,从而扩展了光遗传学工具箱。ChroME2.0视蛋白允许以前所未有的规模进行空间和时间上精确的双光子全息神经控制,这是理解大脑回路和行为的关键技术进步。
The biophysical properties of existing optogenetic tools constrain the scale, speed, and fidelity of precise optogenetic control. Here we use structure-guided mutagenesis to engineer opsins that exhibit very high potency while retaining fast kinetics. These new opsins enable large-scale, temporally and spatially precise control of population neural activity. We extensively benchmark these new opsins against existing optogenetic tools and provide a detailed biophysical characterization of a diverse family of opsins under two-photon illumination. This establishes a resource for matching the optimal opsin to the goals and constraints of patterned optogenetics experiments. Finally, by combining these new opsins with optimized procedures for holographic photo-stimulation, we demonstrate the simultaneous co-activation of several hundred spatially defined neurons with a single hologram, and nearly double that number by temporally interleaving holograms at fast rates. These newly engineered opsins substantially extend the capabilities of patterned illumination optogenetic paradigms for addressing neural circuits and behavior. Using structure-guided design, the authors develop second-generation ChroME-based cation channelrhodopsins that exhibit extremely high potency while preserving fast kinetics, thereby expanding the optogenetic toolbox. ChroME2.0 opsins permit spatially and temporally precise two-photon holographic neural control at unprecedented scales, a key technological step forward for understanding brain circuits and behavior.
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