Selecting for infectivity across metapopulations can increase virulence in the social microbe Bacillus thuringiensis.
Selecting for infectivity across metapopulations can increase virulence in the social microbe Bacillus thuringiensis.
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DOI：
10.1111/eva.13529
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发表时间：
2023-03
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
用寄生虫依次感染宿主的传代实验长期以来被用来操纵毒力。然而，对于许多无脊椎动物病原体，传代被天真地应用，没有充分的理论理解如何最好地选择增加的毒力，这导致了非常复杂的结果。了解毒力的进化是复杂的，因为对寄生虫的选择发生在多个空间尺度上，对具有不同生活史的寄生虫可能产生不同的冲突。例如，在社会性微生物中，对宿主内复制率的强烈选择可能导致欺骗和丧失毒力，因为对公共物品毒力的投资降低了复制率。在这项研究中，我们测试了不同的突变供应和选择传染性或病原体产量（宿主种群大小）如何影响苏云金芽孢杆菌对抗性宿主的毒力进化，旨在优化菌株改良方法，以对抗难以杀死的昆虫目标。我们表明，在一个亚种群中，利用亚种群之间的竞争来选择传染性，可以防止社会欺骗，保留关键的毒质粒，并促进增强的毒力。毒力的增加与产孢效率的降低以及可能的调节基因功能的丧失有关，但与主要毒力因子的表达改变无关。超种群的选择为提高生物防治剂的效果提供了一种广泛适用的工具。此外，一个结构化的宿主种群可以促进传染性的人工选择，而生活史特征的选择，如更快的复制或更大的种群规模，可以降低社会微生物的毒力。
Passage experiments that sequentially infect hosts with parasites have long been used to manipulate virulence. However, for many invertebrate pathogens, passage has been applied naively without a full theoretical understanding of how best to select for increased virulence and this has led to very mixed results. Understanding the evolution of virulence is complex because selection on parasites occurs across multiple spatial scales with potentially different conflicts operating on parasites with different life histories. For example, in social microbes, strong selection on replication rate within hosts can lead to cheating and loss of virulence, because investment in public goods virulence reduces replication rate. In this study, we tested how varying mutation supply and selection for infectivity or pathogen yield (population size in hosts) affected the evolution of virulence against resistant hosts in the specialist insect pathogen Bacillus thuringiensis, aiming to optimize methods for strain improvement against a difficult to kill insect target. We show that selection for infectivity using competition between subpopulations in a metapopulation prevents social cheating, acts to retain key virulence plasmids, and facilitates increased virulence. Increased virulence was associated with reduced efficiency of sporulation, and possible loss of function in putative regulatory genes but not with altered expression of the primary virulence factors. Selection in a metapopulation provides a broadly applicable tool for improving the efficacy of biocontrol agents. Moreover, a structured host population can facilitate artificial selection on infectivity, while selection on life‐history traits such as faster replication or larger population sizes can reduce virulence in social microbes.
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影响因子：
4.4
作者：
Berling, Marie;Blachere-Lopez, Christine;Lopez-Ferber, Miguel
通讯作者：
Lopez-Ferber, Miguel
DOI：
10.1093/bioinformatics/btr451
发表时间：
2011-10-01
期刊：
Bioinformatics (Oxford, England)
影响因子：
--
作者：
Darling AE;Tritt A;Eisen JA;Facciotti MT
通讯作者：
Facciotti MT
影响因子：
3.8
作者：
Bravo, Alejandra;Likitvivatanavong, Supaporn;Gill, Sarjeet S.;Soberon, Mario
通讯作者：
Soberon, Mario
影响因子：
9.2
作者：
Diard, Mederic;Sellin, Mikael E.;Hardt, Wolf-Dietrich
通讯作者：
Hardt, Wolf-Dietrich
苏云金芽孢杆菌新菌株的分工和终末分化
影响因子：
11
作者：
Deng, Chao;Slamti, Leyla;Song, Fuping
通讯作者：
Song, Fuping