Pulmonary ventilation-perfusion mismatch: a novel hypothesis for how diving vertebrates may avoid the bends.
Pulmonary ventilation-perfusion mismatch: a novel hypothesis for how diving vertebrates may avoid the bends.
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DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2018.0482
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发表时间：
2018-04-25
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Fahlman A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Garcia Párraga D;Moore M;Fahlman A
潜水海洋哺乳动物的静水肺压缩，肺泡塌陷阻碍了深度的气体交换，是限制氮气吸收和避免上升时气体栓塞（GE）的主要理论基础。然而，对搁浅和兼捕的鲸目动物和海龟的研究表明，呼吸空气的海洋脊椎动物在异常情况下可能会患上 GE，从而导致减压病 (DCS) 症状。屏气潜水员的组织和血气动力学的理论模型表明，灌注和血流分布的变化也可能发挥重要作用。建模工作的结果表明，我们目前对许多物种的潜水生理学的了解还很薄弱，因为模型预测血液和组织中的 N2 水平会导致大部分自然潜水过程中出现严重的 DCS 症状（窒息、瘫痪和死亡）。在这篇综述中，我们结合了海洋哺乳动物和海龟已发表的结果，提出了海洋脊椎动物如何控制肺部气体交换的替代机制，通过管理肺泡通气（）和心输出量/肺灌注（）的肺部分布，改变肺部不同区域的水平。造成压力的人为干扰可能会改变肺部的不匹配水平，导致 N2 的吸收异常升高，从而增加 GE 的风险。我们的假设为新的研究领域提供了途径，解释了声纳暴露如何改变引起 GE 的生理机能，并为呼吸空气的海洋脊椎动物通常如何避免在人类潜水员中观察到的与潜水相关的问题提供了一种新机制。
Hydrostatic lung compression in diving marine mammals, with collapsing alveoli blocking gas exchange at depth, has been the main theoretical basis for limiting N2 uptake and avoiding gas emboli (GE) as they ascend. However, studies of beached and bycaught cetaceans and sea turtles imply that air-breathing marine vertebrates may, under unusual circumstances, develop GE that result in decompression sickness (DCS) symptoms. Theoretical modelling of tissue and blood gas dynamics of breath-hold divers suggests that changes in perfusion and blood flow distribution may also play a significant role. The results from the modelling work suggest that our current understanding of diving physiology in many species is poor, as the models predict blood and tissue N2 levels that would result in severe DCS symptoms (chokes, paralysis and death) in a large fraction of natural dive profiles. In this review, we combine published results from marine mammals and turtles to propose alternative mechanisms for how marine vertebrates control gas exchange in the lung, through management of the pulmonary distribution of alveolar ventilation () and cardiac output/lung perfusion (), varying the level of in different regions of the lung. Man-made disturbances, causing stress, could alter the mismatch level in the lung, resulting in an abnormally elevated uptake of N2, increasing the risk for GE. Our hypothesis provides avenues for new areas of research, offers an explanation for how sonar exposure may alter physiology causing GE and provides a new mechanism for how air-breathing marine vertebrates usually avoid the diving-related problems observed in human divers.
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影响因子：
3.7
作者：
de Quiros, Yara Bernaldo;Seewald, Jeffrey S.;Moore, Michael J.
通讯作者：
Moore, Michael J.
DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2011.1754
发表时间：
2012-04-07
影响因子：
4.7
作者：
Dennison, S.;Moore, M. J.;Wells, R. S.
通讯作者：
Wells, R. S.
影响因子：
2.3
作者：
Fahlman, A.;Hooker, S. K.;Jones, D. R.
通讯作者：
Jones, D. R.
DOI：
10.1002/ar.a.20182
发表时间：
2005-05-01
期刊：
ANATOMICAL RECORD PART A-DISCOVERIES IN MOLECULAR CELLULAR AND EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY
影响因子：
--
作者：
Cozzi, B;Bagnoli, P;Costantino, ML
通讯作者：
Costantino, ML
影响因子：
2.3
作者：
Fahlman, A.;Olszowka, A.;Jones, David R.
通讯作者：
Jones, David R.