Impact of nutrition on brain development and its neuroprotective implications following preterm birth.
Impact of nutrition on brain development and its neuroprotective implications following preterm birth.
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DOI：
10.1038/pr.2014.171
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发表时间：
2015-01
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Benders, Manon J. N. L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Keunen, Kristin;van Elburg, Ruurd M.;van Bel, Frank;Benders, Manon J. N. L.
营养对早产儿大脑发育的影响越来越受到重视。出生后早期的生长和营养摄入已被证明会影响大脑的生长和成熟，随后对神经发育的影响持续到儿童和青春期。营养也可能保护免受伤害。炎症和围产期感染在白色物质损伤的发病机制中起着至关重要的作用，白色物质损伤是早产儿脑损伤的最常见模式。因此，具有免疫调节和/或抗炎作用的营养成分可用作神经保护剂。此外，越来越多的证据支持微生物组-肠道-大脑轴的存在。微生物组被认为通过免疫、内分泌和神经途径与大脑相互作用。因此，可能影响肠道微生物群的营养成分也可能对发育中的大脑产生有益的影响。基于这些特性，益生菌、益生元寡糖和某些氨基酸是神经保护的潜在候选物。此外，氨基酸谷氨酰胺与早产儿感染发病率的降低有关。总之，出生后早期营养对大脑的生长和成熟至关重要。此外，某些营养成分可能通过调节炎症和感染对白色物质损伤发挥神经保护作用，并可能影响微生物组-肠-脑轴。
The impact of nutrition on brain development in preterm infants has been increasingly appreciated. Early postnatal growth and nutrient intake have been demonstrated to influence brain growth and maturation with subsequent effects on neurodevelopment that persist into childhood and adolescence. Nutrition could also potentially protect against injury. Inflammation and perinatal infection play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of white matter injury, the most common pattern of brain injury in preterm infants. Therefore, nutritional components with immunomodulatory and/or anti-inflammatory effects may serve as neuroprotective agents. Moreover, growing evidence supports the existence of a microbiome-gut-brain axis. The microbiome is thought to interact with the brain through immunological, endocrine, and neural pathways. Consequently, nutritional components that may influence gut microbiota may also exert beneficial effects on the developing brain. Based on these properties, probiotics, prebiotic oligosaccharides, and certain amino acids are potential candidates for neuroprotection. In addition, the amino acid glutamine has been associated with a decrease in infectious morbidity in preterm infants. In conclusion, early postnatal nutrition is of major importance for brain growth and maturation. Additionally, certain nutritional components might play a neuroprotective role against white matter injury, through modulation of inflammation and infection, and may influence the microbiome-gut-brain axis.
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