A case for conflict across multiple domains: memory and language impairments following damage to ventrolateral prefrontal cortex.
A case for conflict across multiple domains: memory and language impairments following damage to ventrolateral prefrontal cortex.
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DOI：
10.1080/02643290903519367
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发表时间：
2009-09
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Thompson-Schill SL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Novick JM;Kan IP;Trueswell JC;Thompson-Schill SL
左额下回(LIFG；BA 44/45)局灶性病变的患者表现出语言产生和理解任务的困难，尽管他们的损害的性质有些难以描述。没有报道的病例表明这些患者是典型的无语法意义上的Broca失语症。然而，最近的案例研究确实显示出关于他们的一般认知过程的一致的缺陷模式：他们在必须通过实施自上而下的认知控制来解决冲突表征的任务中受到可靠的损害(例如，Stroop；涉及主动干扰的记忆任务)。在目前的研究中，我们询问是否可以在一般的冲突解决缺陷帐户中最好地理解患有局限性LIFG损伤的患者表现出的语言产生和理解障碍。我们聚焦于一个特定的患者--患者I.G.--并讨论作为一般认知控制障碍的结果对语言处理能力的影响。我们在四个实验中将IG和其他额叶患者与年龄匹配的对照组参与者进行了比较。实验一在改进的工作记忆范式下测试了参与者的一般冲突解决能力，试图复制先前的案例研究结果。然后，我们测试了图片命名(实验2)和语言流畅性(实验3)这两个在语义和/或概念层面产生冲突的任务的语言生成能力。实验4测试了受试者在线(眼动)和离线测量的句子处理和理解能力。在这项任务中，参与者进行了包含句法歧义的口语指导，其中必须推翻早期的口译承诺，以便恢复对句子意义的替代、有意的分析。将I.G.的S的表现与正面和健康的对照组参与者进行比较，支持了以下观点：I.G.患有一般的冲突解决障碍，这影响了他在特定条件下产生和理解语言的能力--即当语义、概念和/或句法表征相互竞争且必须解决的时候。
Patients with focal lesions to the left inferior frontal gyrus (LIFG; BA 44/45) exhibit difficulty with language production and comprehension tasks, although the nature of their impairments has been somewhat difficult to characterize. No reported cases suggest that these patients are Broca's aphasics in the classic agrammatic sense. Recent case studies, however, do reveal a consistent pattern of deficit regarding their general cognitive processes: They are reliably impaired on tasks in which conflicting representations must be resolved by implementing top-down cognitive control (e.g., Stroop; memory tasks involving proactive interference). In the present study, we ask whether the language production and comprehension impairments displayed by a patient with circumscribed LIFG damage can best be understood within a general conflict resolution deficit account. We focus on one patient in particular—patient I.G.—and discuss the implications for language processing abilities as a consequence of a general cognitive control disorder. We compared I.G. and other frontal patients to age-matched control participants across four experiments. Experiment 1 tested participants’ general conflict resolution abilities within a modified working memory paradigm in an attempt to replicate prior case study findings. We then tested language production abilities on tasks of picture naming (Experiment 2) and verbal fluency (Experiment 3), tasks that generated conflict at the semantic and/or conceptual levels. Experiment 4 tested participants’ sentence processing and comprehension abilities using both online (eye movement) and offline measures. In this task, participants carried out spoken instructions containing a syntactic ambiguity, in which early interpretation commitments had to be overridden in order to recover an alternative, intended analysis of sentence meaning. Comparisons of I.G.'s performance with frontal and healthy control participants supported the following claim: I.G. suffers from a general conflict resolution impairment, which affects his ability to produce and comprehend language under specific conditions—namely, when semantic, conceptual, and/or syntactic representations compete and must be resolved.
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影响因子：
3.5
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通讯作者：
Munakata, Yuko
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