The influence of stress and early life adversity on addiction: Psychobiological mechanisms of risk and resilience.
The influence of stress and early life adversity on addiction: Psychobiological mechanisms of risk and resilience.
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DOI：
10.1016/bs.irn.2020.03.012
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
al'Absi, Mustafa
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
al'Absi, Mustafa
临床前，临床和人口研究表明，压力和早期生活逆境（ELA）增加了成瘾的启动，维持和复发的脆弱性。有成瘾问题的个体比非吸毒者有更高的创伤暴露率;这种关联延伸到年轻人群（例如，青少年）。这些关联的机制可能涉及多个系统，包括中脑边缘奖赏功能、HPA轴应激反应以及其他应激和奖赏相关通路的变化。其他脑形态和功能变化也可能参与并直接导致暴露于ELA的人在成年期间观察到的神经激素和行为改变。与压力相关的风险受性别，遗传因素和弹性等因素的影响。我们的启发式模型提出，压力和ELA对大脑的长期影响会导致压力反应、情绪反应、奖励系统、认知失调和延迟折扣的失调，从而导致冲动和高风险行为，如吸毒和复发。
Preclinical, clinical, and population research demonstrates that stress and early life adversity (ELA) increase vulnerability to initiate, maintain, and relapse in addiction. Individuals with addiction problems have higher prevalence of trauma exposure than nondrug users; and this association extends to young populations (e.g., adolescents). Mechanisms for these associations likely involve multiple systems, including changes in the mesolimbic reward functions, HPA axis stress response, and other stress- and reward-related pathways. Other brain morphological and functional changes are also likely involved and directly contribute to the neurohormonal and behavioral alterations observed during adulthood in those exposed to ELA. Stress-related risk is influenced by sex, genetic factors, and resilience, among other factors. Our heuristic model proposes that long-term effects of stress and ELA on the brain contribute to dysregulation of the stress response, emotional reactivity, reward systems, cognitive dysregulation, and delay discounting that lead to impulsive and high-risk behaviors, such as drug use and relapse.
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影响因子：
3.4
作者：
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通讯作者：
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